河南省不同轮作区双低杂交油菜氮磷钾肥的效应研究  

Effects of N, P and K Fertilization on Rapeseed Yield in Different Rotating Areas of Henan Province

作　　者：蔡东芳[1] 王建平[1] 张书芬[1] 何俊平[1] 曹金华[1] 文雁成[1] 赵磊[1] 王东国[1] 朱家成[1] Cai Dongfang;Wang Jianping;Zhang Shufen;He Junping;Cao Jinhua;Wen Yancheng;Zhao Lei;Wang Dongguo;Zhu Jiacheng(Industrial Crops Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Genetic Improvement in Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《作物杂志》2018年第6期130-137,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系-油菜(CARS-12);十三五国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200900);河南省重大科技专项(151100111200)

摘　　要：确定河南省不同轮作区冬油菜的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为河南省油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。以丰油10号为冬油菜供试品种,在基追比为7:3的基础上,采用"3414"最优回归设计,研究氮磷钾不同施肥处理对油菜产量、农学利用率、养分生产力及经济效益等的影响,并通过一元二次回归方程确定不同轮作区油菜的最佳施肥方案。结果表明各施肥处理中,稻油轮作潢川2个试验点达到最高产量的施肥配方为N_2P_2K_3,平均产量为3 204.15kg/hm^2,其经济效益最高,为13 485.5元/hm^2。氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_2O_5)、钾肥(K_2O)平均增收15.33、22.20和22.17kg/kg。因此稻油轮作中磷钾较低地区的最佳施肥处理为N_2P_2K_3,与一元二次效应方程得出的最佳施肥量结果基本一致。玉米-油菜轮作区南阳试验点获得最高经济效益的施肥配方为N_1P_1K_2,产量为2 801.4kg/hm^2,经济效益为12 599.4元/hm^2,相比最高产量的施肥配方N_2P_3K_2,产值减少875.3元/hm^2,经济效益增长472.4元/hm^2。氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_2O_5)、钾肥(K_2O)平均增收4.05、6.07和5.87kg/kg。因此玉米-油菜轮作磷钾较高地区最佳施肥处理为N_1P_1K_2,是获得高产和高经济效益的施肥配方。A "3414"fertilizer experiment was developed to determine the optimum fertilization proportions in various rotating areas of Henan Province.Winter rape variety Fengyou No.10was used to investigate the N,P and K fertilizer effects on rapeseed yield,agronomy efficiency (AE),nutrient productivity and economic benefit.We then analyzed the recommended optimum fertilizer amounts in various rotating areas by the fertilizer efficiency models.In two rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan,the fertilizer formula N2P2K3produced the highest yield and economic benefit which averaged 3204.15kg/hm^2and 13485.5yuan/hm^2,respectively.The yield was increased by an average of 15.33,22.20 and 22.17kg corresponding to per kilogram of N,P and K fertilizers,respectively.Therefore,N2P2K3were the optimum fertilization rates in rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan.The fertilizer formula of the highest economic benefit in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N1P1K2which produced an economic benefit of 12599.4yuan/hm^2 and a yield of 2801.4kg/hm^2.Compared with the highest yield fertilizer formula N2P3K2,the output value of N1P1K2 decreased by 875.3yuan/hm^2,but the economic benefit increased by 472.4yuan/hm^2.The yield was increased by an average of 4.05,6.07and 5.87kg corresponding to per kilogram of N,P and K fertilizers,respectively.In conclusion, the optimum fertilization rates in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N1P1K2.These two fertilization rates would bring about high yields and greate conomic benefit.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 氮磷钾肥 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]