论我国人大立法审议机制的功能与优化  

On the Function and Optimization of the Mechanism of the Legislative Deliberation of the National People's Congress

作　　者：宋方青[1] 王翔 SONG Fang-qing;WANG Xiang(School of Law,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第6期117-126,共10页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"我国地方立法权配置的理论与实践研究"(13BFX024)

摘　　要：我国人大立法活动的重心应当从立法数量的增加转向立法质量的提升。立法质量决定法律运行效果,立法程序决定立法质量,立法审议是立法程序的核心环节。我国人大立法审议具有较为完整的制度架构,但制度的实际运行仍然未达到理想的状态。部分主体未能充分运用权限,导致另一部分主体功能扩张,产生了规范与功能之间的张力。具体体现在会议议程的实际决定权偏移、统一审议中委员会功能放大和议事成员的实际议事功能较弱等三个方面。实际规范与功能之间的偏差可以通过应然的价值取向作为基准予以协调。立法审议应当具备公正、科学、民主和效率等价值基础,可以通过进一步明确统一审议的职能分工、完善立法听证程序、设置立法辩论程序等途径优化我国人大立法审议机制。Quality,rather than quantity,should be the focal point of legislation in China.Legislative procedure determines the quality of legislation,which in turn determines the effectiveness of laws ;therefore,legislative deliberation is the core of the procedure.A complete institutional structure is in place for the legislative deliberation of the National People's Congress,but the actual operation of the system is less than ideal.Some subjects fail to fully utilize their authority,creating a tension between the norm and the function.This is manifested in three aspects,namely,the transfer of the discretion of the meeting agenda,the functional enlargement of the committee in the uniform deliberation,and the functional weakness of the meeting members.Basically,these deviations can be remedied by the values such as justice,science,democracy and efficiency.Therefore,the legislative deliberation mechanism can be optimized by further clarifying the functional division of work in unified deliberation,improving the legislative hearing procedure,and establishing legislative debating procedures.

关 键 词：人大 立法审议 立法程序 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]