倚重与警惕:1843年的团练“防夷”之议与清廷决策  

Reliance and Precaution:Proposals to “Defend against Foreign Invasion” by Setting up Local Troops and Decisions of the Qing Court in 1843

作　　者：崔岷[1] Cui Min

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,副教授历史学博士北京100081

出　　处：《史学月刊》2018年第11期51-60,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：2013年度国家社会科学基金一般项目"晚清团练大臣研究"(13BZS046)

摘　　要：1843年春,耆英、田润等人为防备英军再次入侵,提议沿海省区举办团练。他们认为举办团练为"防夷"之急务甚至"第一要务",但也承认此举含有骚扰地方的风险。在随后沿海七省区将军督抚的议论中,多数反对办团,亦在于担忧团练"流弊滋多"。对于沿海省区将军督抚在团练"防夷"问题上的分歧,清廷强调"因地制宜",适行者行之,不适者弃之。这一灵活原则的背后,实为清廷自白莲教起事以来对于团练既倚重又警惕的心态。若未注意及此,便易陷入以逻辑代替史实的误区,仅以多数省份反对而得出清廷全面禁止办团的误判,进而影响到对于团练在战后"防夷"体系中地位的认识。In the spring of 1843,Qi Ying,Tian Run and other officials proposed to set up local troops along the coastal areas to defend against another invasion by the British army.On the one hand,they believed that thepractice to defend against foreign invasion by setting up local troops was urgent and even topped the agenda;on the other hand,however, they worried that this move might make trouble to local governance.When the civil and military generals of seven coastal provinces discussed it,most of them argued that there were more disadvantages than advantages in setting up local troops.To solve disagreements on such issue,the Qing Court made the final decision--making adjustments according to circumstances.It could be implemented where possible.Such flexible policy was actually a reflection of the paradoxical psychology of the Qing Court that was reliant on but precautious of local troops after the White Lotus Society rebellion.Without understanding of this,it is easy for us to shape historical views based on logic only.We will come to the wrong conclusion that setting up local troop was unconditionally forbidden by the Qing Court due to objections from most provinces.If so,this will weaken our knowledge of the role that local troops played in postwar foreign invasion defense system.

关 键 词：团练 防夷 将军督抚 清廷 鸦片战争 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]