饲料脂肪水平对匙吻鲟生长、体组成、消化酶活性、血清生化及抗氧化性能的影响  

Effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, body composition, digestive enzyme activities, serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant performance of Polyodon spathula

作　　者：刘阳洋 于海波[1] 武文一 钟明智 邢君霞 周继术[1] 吉红[1] 薛敏[2] LIU Yangyang;YU Haibo;WU Wenyi;ZHONG Mingzhi;XING Junxia;ZHOU Jishu;JI Hong;XUE Min(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of AgriculturaI Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《水产学报》2018年第12期1940-1956,共17页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新项目(2015KTTSNY01-05)~~

摘　　要：为探讨饲料脂肪水平对匙吻鲟生长、体组成、消化酶活性、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能的影响,将鱼油与豆油等比例混合作为脂肪源,配制成脂肪水平分别为3.01%、5.12%、7.14%、9.35%和11.64%的5种等氮膨化实验饲料,将270尾匙吻鲟[初始体质量(81.38±0.14) g]分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复18尾鱼,在室外养殖系统微流水养殖56 d。结果显示:(1)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,实验鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率(PER)、肝体比(HSI)及肥满度(CF)均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,回归分析确定,当SGR达到最大值时,饲料脂肪水平为7.88%;当PER达到最大值时,饲料脂肪水平为9.47%;(2)实验鱼肌肉、肝脏粗脂肪含量随饲料脂肪水平上升而上升,11.64%组显著高于3.01%、5.12%和7.14%组,全鱼及肌肉粗蛋白含量随饲料脂肪水平增加呈上升趋势,3.01%组显著低于其他组,7.14%、9.35%组之间没有显著性差异;(3)实验鱼肌肉和肝脏主要脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成相关,随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,肌肉和肝脏中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFA)比例升高,n-3/n-6降低,肝脏中饱和脂肪酸(SFA,C16:0、C18:0)随着饲料脂肪水平上升而下降;单不饱和脂肪酸C18:1n-9呈先上升后下降趋势;肌肉和肝脏脂肪酸组成中,组间n-3高不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 HUFA)、n-3 PUFA比例没有显著性差异;(4)7.14%组肠蛋白酶活性显著高于9.35%组,肝脏淀粉酶活性在脂肪水平7.14%以上组趋于稳定,肝脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性在组间没有显著性差异;(5)血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)及球蛋白(GLOB)浓度随饲料脂肪水平升高呈上升趋势,血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度11.64%组显著高于3.01%组,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性未受到饲料脂肪水平的影响;(6)饲料脂肪水平的上升可以显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,回归分析得出当SOD活性达�This study investigated the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,body composition,digestive enzyme activities,serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant enzyme activities of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula).A total of 270 P.spathula with initial body weight of (81.38±0.14) g were randomly divided into five groups with 3 replicates per group and fed with five diets (dietary protein level 41.35%) containing different lipid levels (3.01%,5.12%,7.14%,9.35% and 11.64%) for 8 weeks.With the increment of dietary lipid level,weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed conversion ratio,protein efficiency ratio,hepatosomatic index and condition factor of P.spathula all showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing,and regression analysis determined that the specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio reached the maximum when the dietary lipid level was 7.88% and 9.47%,respectively.The lipid content of muscle and liver increased with the increase of dietary lipid level,and the lipid content in 11.64% group was significantly higher than those in 3.01%,5.12% and 7.14% groups.The total fish and muscle crude protein contents were related to dietary lipid level,and crude protein contents in total fish and muscle of 3.01% groups were the lowest,while 7.14% and 9.35% groups had no significant difference.Main fatty acid composition in the muscle and liver of the P.spathula were related to the fatty acid in the feed,with the increase of dietary lipid level,the ratio of n-6PUFA in the muscle and liver increased,the n-3/n-6 PUFA and SFA (C16:0,C18:0) in the liver decreased; MUFA C18:1n-9 first ascended,then decreased,and there was no significant difference in the proportion of n-3HUFA and n-3PUFA in the fatty acid composition of muscle and liver.The enteric protease activity of 7.14% group was significant higher than 9.35% group,α-amylase activity was more stable when lipid level reached 7.14%,and no significant difference between hepatic protease and lipase activity.The concentration of serum total protein,a

关 键 词：匙吻鲟 脂肪水平 生长 体组成 消化酶活性 血清生化指标 抗氧化性能 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]