陕西省自驾车营地空间结构特征与选址优化  

Spatial Structure Characteristics and Site Selection Optimization for Self-driving Camping in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：戴宏 丁华 苟青青 栗晓楠 DAI Hong;DING Hua;GOU Qing-qing;LI Xiao-nan(Office of the President,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,Shaanxi,China;School of Economics and Management,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,Shaanxi,China;School of Architecture,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学校长办公室,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064 [3]长安大学建筑学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2018年第11期205-213,共9页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51278057);陕西省社会科学基金项目(12D247)

摘　　要：为揭示自驾车房车营地空间结构特征和选址规律,采用最邻近点指数,基于GIS的核密度(Kornel Density Estimation, KDE)、Voronoi图构建等方法,系统分析陕西省重点建设营地空间分布范围、空间结构类型、空间热点区域和空间发展模式,进一步研究营地空间分布规律和特色。结果表明:全省营地最邻近点指数R为0.79<1,说明营地空间分布呈不均衡状态,结构形态为凝聚型;基于GIS的核密度、Voronoi图构建方法,可将全省营地划分成4级密度区、五大板块,其中秦岭南北两坡的西安-柞水-宁陕和朱雀-太白山-紫柏山地区、咸阳彬县-铜川渭北坮塬地区、汉中汉江流域地区、安康巴山地区等是营地聚集和热点区域。依据营地功能、依托要素及服务类型不同,营地主要有"景区依托型营地"、"交通依托型营地"(又称"驿站补给型营地")、"城郊休闲度假型营地"和"项目依托型营地"4类模式,七成以上依托于高禀赋资源景区发展营地,体现了"近景、近路、近城"的特点;依据依托资源及分布环境,以山地型营地、水域型营地、坮塬型营地为主,缺乏乡村型营地、森林型营地。未来营地选址应进一步加大丝绸之路廊道、红色旅游带和渭河沿线等地营地的发建设,形成"一廊五带"空间格局;加大陕北黄土高原建设力度;培育驿站补给型、休闲度假型营地品牌。To investigate the spatial structure characteristics and location rules for self-driving and RV camping,this study systematically analyzed the spatial distribution range,spatial structure types,hotspot areas,and spatial development models of camps in Shaanxi Province by means of the nearest neighbor index,GIS-based kernel density estimation (KDE),and Voronoi diagram construction method.Further,their spatial distribution rules and characteristics were summarized.The results show that the nearest neighbor index for provincial camps is 0.79<1, indicating that the spatial distribution of camps is unbalanced as well as structurally cohesive. Further application based on GIS-based KDE and Voronoi diagram construction reveals that the provincial camps can be divided into four density zone levels and five major plates.The northern and southern slopes of Qinling Mountains,Weibei Plateau,Hanjiang River basin in Hanzhong, and Bashan Mountain area in Ankang are hotspots for camps.According to camp function, factors,and service types,these camps can be divided into four types as "relying-on-scenic-spot camps","traffic-supported camps"(also known as "station replenishment camps"),"suburban leisure resort camps",and "project-supporting camps".More than 70%of camps rely on scenic spots with high endowment of resources.This distribution means that most of the camps are close to scenic spots,highways,and cities.Based on the resources and environment,there are many mountain camps,water camps,and plateau camps,but there is a lack of rural camps and forest camps.In the future,to optimize the site selection for camps,the government and enterprises should further strengthen camp development and construction along the Silk Road Corridor,red tourism belt,and Weihe River belt to form a uniformly distributed spatial pattern of "one corridor and five belts",promote camp construction on loess plateau in northern Shaanxi, as well as cultivate a brand for "station replenishment camps"and "suburban leisure resort camps".

关 键 词：交通工程 旅游交通 GIS空间分析 自驾车房车营地 空间结构 选址优化 

分 类 号：U491.12[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]