厌氧氨氧化工艺快速启动策略及其微生物特性  

Rapid start-up strategy and microbial characteristics of anammox process

作　　者：杨瑞丽 王晓君[1] 吴俊斌 郭焱 张召基[1] 陈少华[1] YANG Ruili;WANG Xiaojun;WU Junbin;GUO Yan;ZHANG Zhaoji;CHEN Shaohua(Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,城市污染物转化重点实验室,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2018年第12期3341-3350,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2015J05115);中国科学院城市环境研究所青年前沿项目(IUEMS201404).

摘　　要：为探讨种泥投加及氮负荷提升方式对厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation,anammox)工艺启动中微生物丰度及群落结构的影响,采取先普通活性污泥驯化后再接种anammox种泥的方式启动anammox工艺。结果表明在活性迟滞阶段投加anammox菌种可以快速启动anammox工艺。通过缩短水力停留时间并增加氮负荷的方式可以避免直接提高进水氮浓度导致的基质毒性抑制,有利于达到更高的总氮去除负荷。稳定运行时反应器的氮去除负荷达0.51 kg·(m3·d)-1,anammox菌基因丰度为4.92×109copies·g-1(以VSS计),占细菌总数的2.70%。启动阶段,反应器内微生物多样性逐渐下降,检测到浮霉菌门中4个anammox菌属,以Candidatus Jettenia和Candidatus Kuenenia为主要anammox菌属。在接种污泥处于活性迟滞阶段时,结合提高进水氮浓度、缩短水力停留时间和投加anammox菌种的方式可以快速启动anammox工艺。In order to investigate the effects of seed sludge inoculation and increase mode for the influent nitrogen load on the microbial abundance and community in anaerobic ammonia oxidation（anammox） reactor during a start-up period, the anammox process was initiated by inoculating acclimated activated sludge with anammox seed sludge.Results showed that adding anammox strain at a lag stage was beneficial to the rapid start-up of pilot-scale reactor. An improved nitrogen removal rate（NRR） was achieved through shortening hydraulic retention time as well as increasing the influent nitrogen load, which was an effective means to avoid the inhibition of matrix toxicity caused by increasing the influent TN concentration. In the steady running phase, the NRR of 0.51 kg·（m3·d）-1 was realized, and the gene abundance of anammox bacteria reached 4.92 × 109 copies·g-1（calculated by VSS）, accounting for 2.70% of the total bacteria. In the start-up phase, the microbial diversity in the reactor gradually decreased, four anammox bacteria genus belonging to Planctomycetes were identified, and the dominant genus of functional bacteria were Candidatus Jettenia and Candidatus Kuenenia. The anammox process was successfully start-up with short term by inoculating anammox seed sludge, raising influent nitrogen and shorting hydraulic retention time at the lag stage of inoculation sludge.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化(anammox) 生物脱氮 微生物特性 快速启动 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]