乌鲁木齐2009—2010年新生儿轮状病毒感染及其影响因素分析  

Rotavirus infection and associated influence factors in neonates in Urumqi from 2009 to 2010

作　　者：郑灵玲 李世贤 李倩倩[1] 张艳君[3] 杨学磊[3] ZHENG Ling-ling;LI Shi-xian;LI Qian-qian(Department of Pediatrics,Xinjiang People's Hospital,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院儿科,新疆乌鲁木齐830001 [2]杭州市儿童医院内科,浙江杭州310014 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院临床医学研究中心

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2018年第12期2045-2048,2071,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2015211C204)

摘　　要：目的分析新生儿轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)感染情况及其感染影响因素,为有效防治提供依据。方法对2009年1月—2010年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院新生儿科收集保存的2026份住院新生儿大便标本,用ELISA法检测RV,并查阅相关病历资料,应用SPSS17.0统计软件进行感染影响因素分析。结果监测期间新生儿RV感染的总检出率为14.22%,其中2009年的检出率为17.78%(176/990),2010年为10.81%(112/1036);院内感染占60.07%(173/288)。腹泻新生儿的RV检出率(48.68%,74/152)显著高于非腹泻新生儿(11.42%,214/1874),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。单因素分析表明不同性别、族别、分娩方式的新生儿RV检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同胎龄、出生体重、日龄、喂养方式及住不同类型病房的新生儿RV检出率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,早产儿RV检出率明显低于足月儿;出生7d以内和日龄22~28d的新生儿明显低于日龄8~14d的新生儿;人工喂养的新生儿明显高于纯母乳喂养儿;NICU的新生儿显著低于普通病房的新生儿。结论RV是新生儿腹泻及院内感染的主要病毒病原。日龄8~14d、足月、人工喂养及住普通病房的新生儿易感RV。加强护理,制定合理的防控策略,可有效预防新生儿RV感染。Objective To investigate the epidemiology and influencing factors of RV infection in neonates,provide the theoretical basis for effective prevention and treatment of neonatal RV infection. Methods Total 2 026 stool specimens were collected from neonates with diarrhea or non-diarrhea hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during January,2009 to December,2010. RV was detected by ELISA. Clinical data were collected from the neonates to analyze the influence factors associated with rotavirus infection with SPSS 17. 0 statistical software. Results RV detection rate was 14. 22% ( 288 /2 026) during the monitoring period. It was 17. 78% ( 176 /990) in 2009,and it was 10. 81% ( 112 /1 036) in 2010. Nosocomial infection accounted for 60. 07% ( 173 /288) . RV detection rate in diarrheal neonates( 48. 68%) was significantly higher than that in non-diarrhea neonates ( 11. 42%) ,P < 0. 001. Unvaried analysis associated with neonatal rotavirus infection showed that the difference in rotavirus infection incidence had no statistically significant in genders,nationalities and the modes of delivery ( P > 0. 05) . Rotavirus detection rates in different gestational ages,birth weights,ages,feeding modes and wards had all significant differences ( P < 0. 001) . Logistic regress analysis showed that the premature neonates were not easier to infect RV than the full-term neonates. The neonates with age of 8 - 14 days,or artificial feeding,or in general wards were significantly easier to infect RV than that within the first 7 days and 22 - 28 days,and with breast feeding,and in NICU, respectively. Conclusion RV was the main cause for diarrhea and nosocomial infection in newborns. Full-term,8 - 14 days’age,artificial feeding and in general wards were susceptible factors for RV infection in newborns. Reasonable prevention and control strategy are to be made to effectively prevent neonatal RV infection.

关 键 词：轮状病毒 腹泻 影响因素 新生儿 

分 类 号：R722[医药卫生—儿科] R174.1[医药卫生—临床医学]