崇明东滩自然与人工修复湿地鸟类种群特征对比研究  

Characteristics of the avian communities in the natural wetland and artificially restored wetland in Chongming Dongtan,Shanghai

作　　者：曹牧 蒋劭妍[2] 陈婷媛 陈韡玭 汤臣栋 景晓玮 薛建辉 CAO Mu;JIANG Shaoyan;CHEN Tingyuan;CHEN Weipin;TANG Chendong;JING Xiaowei;XUE Jianhui(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037,China;Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve,Shanghai 202183,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210037 [3]上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区管理处,上海202183

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第6期113-120,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201404305);江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目(2017SJB0113);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD).

摘　　要：【目的】探讨上海崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区自然湿地与人工修复湿地在维持鸟类生物多样性上生态服务功能的区别,为进一步推进崇明东滩互花米草控制和鸟类栖息地优化工程提供参考。【方法】对比崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区自然湿地与人工修复湿地上各月鸟类观测数量、种类、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势种数量所占比例的差异,并对两种湿地中鸻形目、雁形目鸟类种类、数量及共有的优势种、常见种鸟类进行两两配对的Kendall相关性分析。【结果】自然湿地与人工修复湿地鸟类种群相似度为0. 36,全年鸟类生物多样性及均匀度方面自然湿地低于人工修复湿地。两种湿地的鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数、鸻形目鸟类的数量及种类、雁形目鸟类的种类有显著差异(P <0. 05),而鸟类总数量、种类及雁形目鸟类数量无显著差异。在自然湿地中,鸻形目鸟类的数量占绝对优势(占62. 92%);在人工修复湿地中,雁形目鸟类的数量最多(占50. 20%)。在鸟类迁徙过程中,两种湿地的雁形目鸟类变化有极显著的正相关性,鸻形目鸟类无此特征。7种优势种及常见种鸟类的变化中,两种湿地中记录到的雁鸭类存在显著的种内及种间相关性;两种湿地记录到的4种鸻鹬及白鹭的数量变化无显著种内相关性。【结论】人工修复湿地为多种途径东滩自然保护区的水鸟,特别是雁形目鸟类提供了良好的栖息地,而鸻形目鸟类更偏好栖息于自然湿地,所以除开展人工湿地修复工程外,保障未被破坏的自然湿地不受外界干扰也很重要。[Objective]Differences between natural and artificially restored wetlands in maintaining avian biodiversity in Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve were studied for implementing the ecological control of Spartina alterniflora and improvement of bird habitats.[Method]The number,species,species diversity,evenness of the bird populations,and proportion of the dominant avian populations were compared between the two types of wetlands.Kendall correlation was used to analyze the number and species number of Charadriiformes and Anseriformes birds and seven dominant species in two types of wetlands.[Result]The species co-occurrence in the avian communities in the two types of wetlands was 0.36.Throughout the year,the diversity index and evenness index of the natural wetland were lower than those of the artificially restored wetland.Significant differences in the avian diversity index and evenness index,number and species number of Charadriiformes birds,and species number of Anseriformes birds were observed,and no significant differences in the avian number,species number,and number of Anseriformes were detected.In the natural wetland,the number of Charadriiformes birds was the highest and accounted for 62.92% of total number of birds.In the artificially restored wetland,the number of Anseriformes birds was the highest and accounted for 50.20% of the total number of birds.During migration,changes in the number of Anseriformes birds were significantly and positively correlated between the two types of wetlands,but changes in the number of Charadriiformes birds were not significantly correlated between the two types of wetlands.Changes in the number of ducks showed significantly positive intraspecific and interspecific correlations in the two types of wetlands.However,changes in the number of 4 kinds waders and egret didn't show significantly positive intraspecific correlations in the two types of wetlands.[Conclusion]The artificially restored wetland in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve provides a goo

关 键 词：上海崇明东滩自然保护区 鸟类种群 自然湿地 人工修复湿地 生境差异 鸟类多样性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] S718[农业科学—林学]