湖北某低品位稀土矿石选矿试验研究  

Experimental Research on Mineral Processing Technology for a Low Grade Rare Earth Ore in Hubei

作　　者：向俊[1] 车小奎[1] 郑其[1] 王雷[1] 邓巧娟[1] 赵航 Xiang Jun;Che Xiaokui;Zheng Qi;Wang Lei;Deng Qiaojuan;Zhao Hang(Rare Metal Metallurgical Materials Research Institute,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Belling 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院稀有金属冶金材料研究所

出　　处：《稀有金属》2018年第12期1316-1322,共7页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家科技部高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA065703)资助

摘　　要：湖北省某低品位稀土矿物质组成复杂,矿石中主要有价成分为稀土和铌。稀土矿物主要以氟碳铈矿、独居石为主,且嵌布粒度十分细微,造成稀土较难分选。根据此稀土矿石的特点及其赋存状态,确定了单一浮选的选矿工艺流程,重点进行了磨矿细度、浮选捕收剂、增效剂、抑制剂等条件试验,最终确定磨矿细度-74μm含量占96%,预先除杂,粗选抑制剂为水玻璃,捕收剂为H205,捕收剂增效剂为BYA,起泡剂为2#油,扫选抑制剂为水玻璃,捕收剂为H205,精选抑制剂为BYD,捕收剂为H205的"两粗一扫六精"的闭路浮选工艺流程,获得了较好的稀土浮选指标,精矿REO品位49. 10%,回收率51. 77%,实现了稀土的有效回收。最后,还针对稀土尾矿进行了铌回收的试验研究,结果表明,该矿石中铌矿物嵌布粒度极细,分布不均一,且共伴生情况复杂,从而导致铌精矿品位和回收率都很难提高,无法达到回收目的。The composition of low grade rare earth ore in Hubei was very complicated,whose main valuable components were rare earths and niobium.The rare earth minerals were mainly composed of bastnaesite and monazite.The mosaic size of rare earth ore was quite fine,as a result,it was rather difficult to successfully separate them.Given rare earth ore's unique characteristics and occurrence state,the single flotation process was established.Lots of tests for the flotation technical condition were conducted in the laboratory, especially the appropriate grinding fineness and optimum flotation reagent system,such as the dosage and types of collector,synergistic and inhibitors etc.The beneficiation process of low grade refractory rare earth ore showed that the efficient separation could be obtained under the condition of the grinding fineness was -74 μm 96%,removing impurity in advance.At roughing stage using water glass as inhibitors,-H205as collector,BYA as synergist and 2# oil as foaming agent,at scavenging stage using sodium silicate as inhibitors,and H205 as collector,at cleaning stage choosing BYD as inhibitors and H205 as collector,a closed-circuit flowsheet of "two roughing,one scavenging,six cleaning"was adopted.In these processes,the effective enrichment of rare earth ore was achieved when the grade and recovery rate in concentrate was 49.10% and 51.77% respectively.Additionally,in rare-earth tailings the recycling research of niobium ore was explored.It was found that niobium was disseminated in very fine grain size,scattered unevenly and associated intricately, leading to the difficulty to improve niobium concentrate grade and recovery rate.Thus,under present laboratory experiments,the effective beneficiation of niobium ore in rare-earth tailings could not be achieved.

关 键 词：稀土矿 氟碳铈矿 独居石 浮选 

分 类 号：TD912[矿业工程—选矿]