2006—2017年长沙市新报告职业性尘肺病流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of newly reported occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Changsha City from 2006-2017

作　　者：陈秀兵 官玉红[1] CHEN Xiu-bing;GUAN Yu-hong(Department of Occupational Health Development,Changsha Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention,ChangshaHunan,410004,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生发展部

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第23期3195-3197,3202,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解2006—2017年长沙市新报告职业性尘肺病发病情况和分布特点,为尘肺病防治工作提供依据。方法收集国家职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统2006年1月1日—2017年12月31日长沙市新报告职业性尘肺病病例报告卡基本信息,对尘肺病的发病情况进行回顾性分析。结果2006—2017年长沙市新报告职业性尘肺病341例,包含矽肺、煤工尘肺、铸工尘肺、电焊工尘肺、铝尘肺、水泥尘肺、陶工尘肺、石棉肺和其它尘肺9种,以矽肺最多(275例,占80.65%),其次为煤工尘肺(34例,占9.97%)和铸工尘肺(12例,占3.52%);新发尘肺病例包含尘肺壹期228例、尘肺贰期64例、尘肺叁期49例;长沙市所辖的9个区(县、市)均有尘肺病例报告,以岳麓区病例最多,其余依次为宁乡市、望城区、浏阳市。尘肺病例诊断平均年龄(58.4±8.5)岁,主要集中在50~59、60~69岁组;发病接尘工龄为1.2~36.3年,平均9.8(9.8±8.3)年,以<5、5~9年工龄段新报告病例较为集中,3个不同期别尘肺接尘工龄、诊断年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。按行业分布,位居首位的是卫生、社会保障和社会福利业,其次是煤炭开采和洗选业、金属矿采选业、非金属矿物制品业、焰火、鞭炮产品制造业。结论尘肺病防治是长沙市职业病防治工作重点,尤其需加强矽尘和煤尘的防尘治理工作,应针对高发地区、重点行业、重要工种开展尘肺病防治工作,以有效控制尘肺病的发生。[Objective]To understand the incidence and distribution characteristics of newly reported occupational pneumoconiosis in Changsha City from 2006-2017,provide evidence for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis.[Methods]The data of newly reported pneumoconiosis cases cards from January 1,2006 to December 31,2017 were collected from the National Information Surveillance for Occupational Disease and Occupational Health,and the incidence of pneumoconiosis were retrospectively analyzed. [Results]A total of 341 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Changsha City from 2006-2017,there were nine types of pneumoconiosis ,including silicosis ,coal miners' pneumoconiosis ,foundry workers' pneumoconiosis ,welders' pneumoconiosis , aluminum pneumoconiosis,cement pneumoconiosis,ceramic workers' pneumoconiosis,asbestosis and other pneumoconiosis. Silicosis was themain type(275 cases,80.65%),followed by coal miners' pneumoconiosis(34 cases,9.97%) and foundryworkers' pneumoconiosis (12 cases,3.52%).New pneumoconiosis cases included 228 cases of stageⅠ,64 cases of stage Ⅱ,and 49 cases of stage Ⅲ. The cases were reported in all of nine districts (counties,cities) in Changsha City,and the case number in Yuelu District was the highest, followed by Ningxiang City,Wangcheng District and Liuyang City. The average diagnostic age of pneumoconiosis cases was 58.4 (58.4±8.5) years old,and the cases mainly concentrated on 60-69 and 50-59 year-old age groups. The exposure time of patients was 1.2-36.3 years,and the average exposure time was 9.8(9.8±8.3) years. Most of new pneumoconiosis cases had the exposure time of 5-9 or <5 years. There were no significant differences in the exposure time and diagnostic age among the three stages of pneumoconiosis( P>0.05). Most pneumoconiosis cases were from health,social security and social welfare industry,followed by coal mining and washing industry,metal mining and selection industry,non-metallic mineral products and fireworks,firecrackers manufacturing. [Conclusion]Prevention of pneum

关 键 词：职业性尘肺 发病分布 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]