青岛地区农业机械化进程对肾综合征出血热流行规律的影响  

The influence of agricultural mechanization progress on epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Qingdao areas

作　　者：姜法春 董礼艳[1] 郝毕 潘蓓[1] 韩雅琳[1] Jiang Fachun;Dong Liyan;Hao Bi;Pan Bei;Han Yalin(Department for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine,Qingdao 266033,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省青岛市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科青岛市预防医学研究院,青岛266033

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2018年第12期997-1001,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的探讨农业机械化发展程度对肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫情流行强度的影响,为农村地区HFRS防控提供借鉴。方法采用回顾性分析方法,收集1985—2015年青岛市以及5个主要HFRS疫区的农业机械化发展程度与疫情流行强度资料,比较分析农业综合机械化程度及HFRS的时间分布、发病率、捕鼠率。利用单纯随机抽样方法,选择胶南市2012、2013年康复的HFRS患者作为病例组,同时选择与病例组同等数量的健康居民作为对照组,用问卷调查的方式进行入户调查,调查两组人群居住位置、劳作方式、劳作地鼠患情况、居住地鼠患情况、劳作时皮肤损伤情况,分析HFRS发病的危险因素。结果青岛市农业机械化总动力由1985年的174.76万千瓦发展到2015年的854.00万千瓦,综合机械化水平由1994年的60.0%上升到2015年的90.2%;青岛市HFRS发病率由第一个高峰期(1986年)的32.97/10万降至第三个高峰期(2012年)的3.54/10万,胶南、胶州、平度、莱西、即墨市HFRS发病率由第一个高峰期(1985或1986年)的101.25/10万、86.37/10万、35.80/10万、11.55/10万、8.13/10万降至第三个高峰期(2012年)的14.68/10万、443/10万、2.33/10万、6.02/10万、3.26/10万;秋冬季疫情高峰平台期由4、5个月缩短至2个月左右;鼠捕获率约为2%;小农具或手工劳作的感染风险大于大机械化(OR=0.01,P<0.01)。结论农业机械化发展在很大程度上改变了农业耕作方式和农业活动模式,从而通过减少感染机会降低HFRS发病强度,缩短疫情高峰平台期。疫区机械化程度越高,疫情流行强度越低。Objective To explore the influence of agricultural mechanization progress on epidemic intensity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)so as to provide reference for prevention and control of HFRS in rural areas.Methods Data of HFRS epidemics and agricultural mechanization progress of Qingdao City and five main epidemic areas of HFRS were collected by retrospective analysis methods.Agricultural mechanization progress,time distribution,incidence rate of HFRS and capture rate of rats were compared,respectively.Risk factors were analyzed by case-control study using simple random sampling method.Cases of case group were selected from HFRS cases of Jiaonan County recovered between 2012and 2013.The control group was healthy residents with a equal number of the case group.Residential locations,work ways,rodent infestation at work locations and in residential areas and skin injury conditions were surveyed by a household questionnaire survey.Results Agricultural machinery gross power of Qingdao City was developed from 174.76 megawatts of electricity (rowe)in 1985 to 854.00 mwe in 2015.The comprehensive mechanization degree marched from 60.0% in 1994 to 90.2% in 2015.HFRS incidence in Qingdao City declined from the first epidemic peak (1986)of 32.97/100000 to the third peak (2012) of 3.54/100000.HFRS incidence in Jiaonan,Jiaozhou,Pingdu,Laixi,Jimo cities reduced from the first epidemic peak (1985 or 1986)of 101.25/100000,86.37/100000,35.80/100000,11.55/100000,8.13/100000 to the third peak(2012)of 14.68/100000,4.43/100000,2.33/100000,6.02/100000,3.26/100000.The platform stage of epidemic peak in autumn and winter shortened from 4 or 5 months to 2 months.The capture rate of rats fluctuated around 2%.The infeetion risk of small farm implements or handwork was greater than huge mechanization (OR =0.01,P <0.01).Conclusions Agricultural mechanization changes the agricultural activity patterns to a large extent and lowers the HFRS epidemic by minimizing the risk of infection and shortening the platform stage of epidemic p

关 键 词：肾综合征出血热 农业机械总动力 综合机械化程度 捕获率 发病率 

分 类 号：R512.8[医药卫生—内科学]