老年髋部骨折患者围术期脑卒中风险评估和预防及处理  

Investigation of the risk assessment,prevention and management for perioperative stroke in elderly patients With hip fractures

作　　者：王超群 翟帅杰 常运鹤 郑洋 王治乾[1] 李玉佳[1] 张亚辉[1] 王庆贤[1] Wang Chaoqun;Zhai Shuaijie;Chang Yunhe;Zheng Yang;Wang Zhiqian;Li Yujia;Zhang YaAui;Wang Qingxian(Department of Geriatric Orthopedics,Traumatic Emergency Center,the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Hebei Provincial Othopedic Institute,Hebei Provincial Biomechancial Key Laboratory,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心老年骨科、河北省骨科研究所、河北省骨科生物力学重点实验室,石家庄050051

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2018年第12期1332-1336,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

摘　　要：目的 探讨老年髋部骨折患者围术期脑卒中风险的评估、预防及处理方法. 方法回顾性分析179例老年(≥65岁)髋部骨折患者所接受的围术期脑卒中风险控制方法,包括术前脑卒中风险筛查与处理、识别脑卒中防治重点人群、术前脑卒中危险因素控制、术中监测、术后处理等,总结围术期脑卒中发生情况. 结果 179例老年髋部骨折患者中有24例(13.41% )未行手术治疗;头颈动脉CTA回报颅内动脉及颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞9例(5.03% ) ,其中5例(2.79% )行脑血管数字减影血管造影术(DSA)及球囊扩张支架植入术,术后10 d左右行髋部骨折手术治疗并顺利出院,1例(0.56% )行DSA后无介入治疗指征,正常安排骨科手术,术后顺利出院,3例(1.68% )拒绝行进一步的DSA检查及介入治疗,强烈要求直接行骨科手术并自愿承担手术相关风险,术后顺利出院;CTA和DSA发现脑动脉瘤2例(1.12% ) ,未接受特殊处理,顺利行髋部骨折手术;2例(1.12% )术前确诊的新发脑梗死,由脑血管外科医师行头颈动脉支架植入术,并采用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子量肝素治疗约4周后顺利行髋部骨折手术治疗;髋部骨折术后诊断新发脑梗死2例(1.12% ) ,均转入神经内科治疗. 结论 完善的术前脑卒中风险筛查及处理、合理实施围术期抗血小板及抗凝治疗、严密的术中监测及积极术后处理,使脑卒中高危患者和新发脑卒中患者尽早接受髋部骨折手术治疗成为可能.Objective To investigate the risk assessment ,prevention and management for perioperative stroke in elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods A total of 179 patients aged 65 years and older were admitted to our department due to hip fracture. In managements of perioperative stroke ,the preoperative risk assessment and the management of stroke ,identifying the risk population for stroke prevention ,controlling risk factors of the preoperative stroke ,intraoperative monitoring , postoperative treatment ,etc.were studied retrospectively.The incidence of perioperative stroke was recorded and analyzed. Results Of 179 patients with hip fracture ,overviews of diagnosis and treatment were as follows.Twenty-four (24/179 ,13.41% ) cases did not receive operative treatments.Head and neck CT angiography(CTA)-showed severe stenosis or occlusion of intracranial artery and internal carotid artery were in 9(5.03% ,9/179)patients ,of whom the 5(2.79% ,5/179) cases underwent cerebrovascular digital subtraction angiography (DSA ) ,balloon dilation and stent implantation ,then received the operation for hip fracture 10 days later ,finally were discharged uneventfully.1 (0.56% ,1/179 ) patient underwent orthopaedic surgery due to the results of DSA showing no indication of interventional therapy ,and was discharged unevenfully.3 (1.68% ,3/179 ) patients refused to receive the further DSA examination or interventional therapy ,strongly demanded for orthopaedic surgery and would take the surgical risk ,and were discharged uneventfully.2(1.12% , 2/179)patients were found to have cerebral aneurysm diagnosed by CTA and DSA ,and underwent surgery for hipfracture without special treatment.2(1.12% ,2/179)patients were diagnosed as new occurrence of cerebral infarction before the operation ,and received head and carotid stenting at the department of cerebrovascular surgery ,followed by combined antithrombotic therapy of aspirin , clopidogrel and low molecular weight heparin for 4 weeks ,then underwent orthopaedic surgery for hip fracture.2

关 键 词：骨折髋部 围术期 脑卒中 风险评估 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学] R743.3[医药卫生—外科学]