基于霍尔效应的三线摆周期测量装置的研制  

DEVELOPMENT OF A MEASURING DEVICE OF THE THREE-WIRE PENDULUM PERIOD BASED ON HOLZER EFFECT

作　　者：石明吉[1] 李波波 杨雪冰 洪倩 SHI Mingji;LI Bobo;YANG Xuebing;HONG Qian(School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Nanyang Institute of Technology,Nanyang Henan 473004)

机构地区：[1]南阳理工学院电子与电气工程学院,河南南阳473004

出　　处：《物理与工程》2018年第6期95-99,共5页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：南阳理工学院省示范校建设专项研究项目(编号:SFX201718):大学物理开放性实验教学方法与体系的研究与实践;南阳理工学院高等教育研究基金项目(编号:2017-NGGJJJ-002):应用型本科高校公共实践教学平台运行机制研究;南阳理工学院2018年度实验室开放基金:新型三线摆周期测量系统的设计和制作

摘　　要：文章介绍了一种基于霍尔效应的三线摆周期测量装置的工作原理、性能和实验结果。该装置由霍尔元件、数据采集系统、电源和电脑构成。通过线性霍尔元件将三线摆下盘的扭摆转换成电压信号的振荡,然后利用数据采集系统采集并在电脑上实时显示与存储。实时显示可以杜绝漏计导致的周期计数错误现象,存储的数据可以进一步分析三线摆扭摆情况。由于采集的数据量比较大,数据包含的信息也更丰富。本文尝试利用极大值点线性拟合法和快速傅里叶变换法处理数据。由于三线摆的运动一般是扭摆和横摆同时存在的混合摆现象,横摆的周期与扭摆的周期不同,利用频谱分析可以排除横摆对扭摆周期测量的影响,确保周期测量准确,所以,快速傅里叶变换更适合处理此类实验数据。本文利用市场上现有的光电测量装置和基于霍尔效应的三线摆周期测量装置进行对比实验,测量三线摆下盘的转动惯量。实验结果表明:利用现有的光电测量装置,相对误差为1.6%;利用基于霍尔效应的三线摆周期测量装置,相对误差可达0.81%,说明基于霍尔效应的三线摆周期测量装置的准确度比现有的光电测量装置要高,具有一定的推广和使用价值。The working principle,performance and experimental results of a measuring device of the three-wire pendulum period based on Holzer effect are introduced in this paper.The device consists of a Holzer element,a data acquisition system,apower supply and a computer.The linear Holzer element is used to convert the pendulum movement of the three-wire pendulum to the oscillation of the voltage signal,and then the data acquisition system is used to collect and real-time display and store the data on computer.Real time display can eliminate the phenomenon of periodic counting errors caused by missed calculations,and the stored data can be used to further analyze the three-wire pendulum.Because of the large amount of collected data,the information contained in the data is more abundant.We try to use maximum point linear fitting method and fast Fourier transform to process data.Usually,the motion of threewire pendulum is a mixed pendulum of torsion pendulum and yaw,and the period of the yaw isdifferent from that of the torsion pendulum.To insure that the periodic measurement is accurate,the effect of the yaw on the torsion pendulum period measurement can be eliminated by spectrum analysis,so the fast Fourier transform is more suitable to process such experimental data.Using the existing photoelectric measuring device on the market and the measuring device of three-wire pendulum period based on the Holzer effect,the comparison experiment is carried out to measure the rotational inertia of the three-wire pendulum.The experimental results show that the relative error of the existing photoelectric measuring device is 1.6%,and the relative error of the measuring device of three-wire pendulum period based on Holzer effect is just 0.81%.So,the accuracy of the measuring device of three-wire pendulum period based on the Holzer effect is higher than the existing photoelectric measurement installation,and has a certain value of popularization and application.

关 键 词：转动惯量 三线摆 霍尔效应 线性霍尔元件 横摆 傅里叶变换 

分 类 号：O313.3[理学—一般力学与力学基础]