菌渣化肥配施对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮和可溶性碳氮的影响  

Effects of the combination of fungal residue and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in paddy soil

作　　者：石思博 王旭东[1] 叶正钱[1] 陈绩 龚臣[1] 李婷 任泽涛 SHI Sibo;WANG Xudong;YE Zhengqian;CHEN Ji;GONG Chen;LI Ting;REN Zetao(College of Environmental and Resource Science,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院/浙江省污染土壤修复重点实验室,杭州311300

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第23期8612-8620,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31601271);浙江省自然科学基金(LY16D010010)

摘　　要：菌渣作为一种养分丰富的有机物料还田,可减少化肥施用,同时保持土壤肥力;而土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性碳、氮是土壤活性碳氮库的重要组成部分,其含量和比例变化对土壤肥力均具有重要作用。因此,探讨不同比例菌渣化肥配施对土壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性碳、氮的影响,评价菌渣在优化土壤肥力方面的生态作用具有重要意义。在水稻田间定位试验条件下,设置3个化肥水平(C)0、50%、100%,菌渣相对用量(F)0、50%、100%,共9个处理,分析了各处理土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)和可溶性碳(DOC)、氮(DON)的变化特征,及其占土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)的比例与相关关系。结果表明:菌渣化肥配施后,微生物量碳和可溶性碳、氮均在C_(100)F_(50)最高,微生物量氮在C_(50)F_(100)最高,与不施肥处理相比,分别显著增加了49.40%、43.65%、83.52%、207.19%;MBC/SOC和DOC/SOC均随着菌渣化肥配施量的增加而减少,MBN/TN和DON/TN均在C_(100_F_(50)最高。相关分析表明,MBC、DOC与SOC,MBN与TN均呈极显著正相关,DON和TN呈显著正相关。总体来讲,菌渣化肥配施能够显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性碳、氮含量,但不是随着用量的增加一直呈增加趋势,高量菌渣或者化肥下会有降低趋势;菌渣化肥配施降低了土壤微生物量和可溶性碳氮比,因此适宜的菌渣化肥配施是提高土壤有机碳周转速度、微生物活性及其氮素供应能力和有效性的最佳选择。As an excellent organic material additive to soil,fungal residue can reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and also plays an important role in maintaining soil fertility. As the most active organic components,soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) are usually regarded as important and sensitive indices for soil fertility change. Therefore,it is vital to evaluate the ecological and soil fertility significance of fungal residue application under different rates return to the paddy soil. In our study,a randomized complete block field experiment with nine treatments(0,50%,and 100% levels of chemical fertilizers (C) and edible fungal residue (F) were considered,C 100 F 50 stands for 100% of chemical fertilizer and 50% of fungal residue application,etc.) was set up. The changes of MBC,MBN,DOC,and DON,and ratios of these parameters to soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were analyzed. Results showed that the highest contents of MBC,DOC and DON were observed under treatment of C 100 F 50 ,which were 49.40%,43.65% and 83.52% higher than that under the treatment of control. Meanwhile highest MBN content was found under treatment of C 50 F 100 which was 207.19% higher than that under the treatment of control. Both ratios of MBC and DOC to SOC were decreased with increased application rate of fungal residue and chemical fertilizer; the highest ratios of MBN and DON to TN were observed in C 100 F 50 . There were highly significant positive correlations between MBC,DOC and SOC,respectively,and between MBN and TN as well. The correlation between DON and TN was significantly positive too. In conclusion,application of fungal residue with chemical fertilizer in paddy soil could increase the contents of MBC,MBN,DOC,and DON,but over dosage of fungal residue or chemical fertilizer application could lead to a negative effect. Consequently,the appropriate application rate of chemical fertilizer combined with fungal residue was the optimum choice

关 键 词：菌渣化肥配施 微生物量碳 微生物量氮 可溶性碳 可溶性氮 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]