防护性景观规划——气候变暖“护盾”  

Project Title: Climate Change Armor

作　　者：盖伦.纽曼 乔紫旭 Galen Newman;QIAO Zixu(College of Architecture,Texas A&M University,Texas,USA;Jacobs Engineering,Dallas,USA)

机构地区：[1]德州农工大学 [2]美国嘉科工程集团

出　　处：《城市设计》2018年第5期50-63,共14页Urban Design

摘　　要：气候变暖"护盾"是用于保护新建社区免受因气候或海平面上升导致的洪涝灾害的一系列弹性适应机制。本文以美国德克萨斯州联盟城(League City,Texas)作为设计应用场地。根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)预测,德克萨斯州沿海的海平面高度将逐年增加,飓风也将更加频繁地发生。到2100年,墨西哥湾沿岸的海平面高度将达到1.9m。气候变暖"护盾工具包"包括工程结构设施和绿色基础设施,这些设施可以被结构化地用于阻止和控制大量洪水,也可以依靠自然方式的绿色基础设施来减少暴雨或飓风造成的洪水。通过"护盾工具包"的应用,可以捕获6,230m3的径流,近2,400名新居民会受到保护,可创造3,000多个工作岗位,避免洪水带来的经济损失近2,300万美元,并且在设计使用生命周期(至2100年)中产生大约13亿美元的经济利益。Climate Change Armor is a collection of adaptive flood attenuation mechanisms for protecting newly designed communities from flood events and the eventual impacts of sea level rise. League City, TX is used as an application site. NOAA predicts that sea levels will increase and storm surge will become more frequent along the Texas coast. In the Gulf Coast, sea level projects to rise up to 6.29 feet by 2100. The Climate Change Armor Toolkit comprises both structural and non-structural mechanisms which are either engineered to block and control heavy floods or rely on natural systems and green infrastructure to attenuate flood waters from frequent storms or hazard flood events. With the application of the Armor Toolkit, 221,921 ft3 of runoff can be captured, nearly 2,400 new residents are protected, over 3,000 jobs are created, $23 million in physical flood damage can be avoided, and approximately $1.3 billion can be generated in the life cycle benefits of the newly designed community by 2100.

关 键 词：弹性景观设计 海平面上升 大气变暖 沿海城市设计 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]