美国海洋油气开发环境保护管理对我国的启示  

Enlightenment of Environmental Protection Management of American Offshore Oil and Gas Development to China

作　　者：曲艳敏[1] 赵锐[1] 殷悦[1] 陶以军[1] 杨璐[1] Qu Yanmin;Zhao Rui;Yin Yue;Tao Yijun;Yang Lu(National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2018年第23期268-274,共7页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金会海洋环保项目"海洋石油勘探开发环境保护监督管理政策研究"(HYHB201507009)

摘　　要：通过梳理美国海洋油气勘探开发环境保护管理的法律体系,研究其在墨西哥湾漏油事件后的监督管理框架,剖析海洋开发活动事前、事中和事后的管理制度,归纳总结美国海洋油气开发环境保护管理值得借鉴的经验:一是建立较为完整的法律法规体系和衔接较为紧密的制度体系;二是在管理中善于运用经济处罚和油污责任信托基金等经济手段;三是反应迅速、运行高效的海上溢油应急体系发挥重要作用。通过总结这些经验,希望对提升我国海上油气开发管理水平起到借鉴作用。By combing the legal system of environmental protection and management of marine oil and gas exploration and development in the United States, this paper studies its supervision and management framework after the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and analyzes the management system of marine development activities before, during and after the event. This paper summarizes the experience of environmental protection and management of offshore oil and gas development in the United States: The first is to establish a relatively complete system of laws and regulations and a more closely linked system; The second is to be good at using economic means such as economic punishment and oil pollution liability trust fund in the management; Third, rapid response and efficient offshore oil spill emergency system play an important role. Through summing up these experiences, we hope to improve the management level of offshore oil and gas development in China.

关 键 词：美国 海洋油气开发 环境保护 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] G301[文化科学]