PIXE用于北京市新镇地区大气颗粒物污染特征和来源解析研究  

The pollution characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric particulate at Xinzhen, Beijing using PIXE

作　　者：刘旭东 杨竣凯 肖才锦[1] 姚永刚[1] 运威旭 唐婵娟 金象春[1] 王平生[1] 倪邦发[1] LIU Xudong;YANG Junkai;XIAO Caijin;YAO Yonggang;YUN Weixu;TANG Chanjuan;JIN Xiangchun;WANG Pingsheng;NI Bangfa(Institute of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院核物理研究所,北京102413 [2]成都理工大学,成都610059

出　　处：《核技术》2018年第12期15-23,共9页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFC0208501);国际原子能机构RCA亚太地区区域性技术协作项目组(No.RAS7029)资助~~

摘　　要：为研究北京市新镇地区大气颗粒物的污染特征及其来源,于2015年12月～2017年12月间以每周两次的频率采集颗粒物样品。利用质子激发X射线荧光分析(Proton Induced X-ray Emission, PIXE)测定了140个样品中的Mg、Al、Si、S、Cl、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb共16种元素的含量,并对主要的污染元素进行特征分析。结果表明:S、Cl、Cu、Zn、Pb在细颗粒物中占比较大且相关性较强,Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、Fe则主要存在于粗颗粒物中并存在强相关性;污染时期细颗粒物中S、Cl、K、黑碳(Black Carbon,BC)和粗颗粒物中Si、Ca、Fe上升明显。正矩阵因子分析(Positive Matrix Factor Analysis, PMF)得到该地区存在的6种主要污染源:次级硫(34.70%)、建筑工业(24.39%)、含氯工业(13.05%)、土壤扬尘(12.81%)、交通排放(11.63%)和其他污染(3.42%)。[Background] Atmospheric particulate pollution is one of topic issues for urban air pollution control and environmental improvement. [Purpose] This study aims to investigate the pollution characteristics especially the elements characteristics and identify the main emission sources of fine particulate matter PM2.5 at Xinzhen area of Beijing. [Methods] Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) was used to analyze 140 atmospheric particulate matter samples. Positive matrix factorization model was used to analyze the source apportionment. [Results] The concentrations of particulate matter for 16 elements of Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb were measured. S, Cl, Cu, Zn and Pb account for a large proportion in fine particulate matter and are highly correlated. Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe mainly exist in coarse particulate matter and have strong correlation with each other. Concentrations of S, Cl, K, Black carbon (BC) in fine particles and Si, Ca, Fe in coarse particles increased significantly during pollution weather period. Through positive matrix factor analysis, the six major pollution sources in this area were founded: secondary sulfur (34.70%), construction industry (24.39%), chlorine industry (13.05%), soil dust (12.81%), transportation emissions (11.63%) and other pollution (3.42%). [Conclusion] The mass concentration and pollution elements' characteristics of particulate matter pollution in Xinzhen area were obtained, and six types of pollution sources and their contribution rates were analyzed.

关 键 词：质子激发X射线荧光分析 大气颗粒物 大气元素 源解析 正矩阵因子分析 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]