秦山核电基地周围草地中不同形态氚的分布研究  

Study on distribution of different forms of tritium in grassland around Qinshan nuclear power station

作　　者：张钦[1,2] 杜林 马兆伟[1,2] 杨果 卫飞[1,2] 张铭军 刘卫 ZHANG Qin;DU Lin;MA Zhaowei;YANG Guo;WEI Fei;ZHANG Mingjun;LIU Wei(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《核技术》2018年第12期72-77,共6页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.11705265;No.51606210;No.21601202)资助~~

摘　　要：氚是核设施运行过程中排放的放射性物质之一,植物和土壤是氚参与生态循环的组成部分。核设施周围植物和土壤中氚的分布可以用来判断核设施的短期和长期排放情况,本文测定了2015～2016年秦山核电站周围环境的草和表层土壤中的不同形态的氚活度。草中组织自由水氚(Tissue Free Water Tritium, TFWT)和表层土壤中的氚化水(HTO)在主风方向上离核设施越远其活度值越小。对比两年的采样结果,草中有机氚(Organically Bound Tritium, OBT)活度的总量大体相同,分布情况大体一致。表层土壤中的OBT分布与HTO和草中的OBT均不相同。表层土壤中OBT/HTO的比值明显高于草中的相应值,表明土壤中OBT与草中OBT的来源、形成过程、迁移转换等都有所差别。[Background] Tritium is one of emitted radioactive materials during the operation of nuclear facilities. Plants and soil are parts of the tritium ecological cycle. The distribution of tritium in plants and soil around nuclear facilities can be used to determine the short-term and long-term emissions of nuclear facilities.[Purpose] This study aims to analyze activities of tissue free water tritium (TFWT) and OBT in grasses and surface soils around Qinshan nuclear power station, and obtain the influence of the tritium emissions from Qinshan nuclear power station on the environment.[Methods] Tritium activities of different forms (HTO, TFWT and OBT) in grasses and surface soils around the Qinshan nuclear power station were sampled in several sites around Qinshan nuclear power station and stored in strict conditions during two years period from 2015 to 2016. Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) was employed to measure the tritium activity three times for samples collected in the same site.[Results] In the prevailing wind direction, the longer distance apart from the nuclear facility, the lower activities of TFWT in the grass and the tritiated water (HTO) in the surface soil. In the two-year grass samples' results, the total amount of OBT was in the same level and distribution of OBT was consistent. The OBT distribution in the surface soil was different from the HTO in the surface soil and the OBT in the grass. The ratio of OBT/HTO in the surface soil was significantly higher than the ratio in the grass, indicating that the source, formation, migration and transformation of OBT in the soil was different from those in the grass.[Conclusion] The HTO activity in surface soil and TFWT activity in grassland can reflect the short-term tritium emissions from nuclear power plant. Meanwhile, the OBT activity in grassland can reflect the long-term tritium emissions from nuclear power plant.

关 键 词：草 表层土壤 氚化水 组织自由水 分布 

分 类 号：TL751[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]