上行过鱼设施过鱼效果监测研究进展  

Review on Monitoring and Evaluating of Fish Passage Facilities for Upper Migration

作　　者：陶江平 温静雅[2] 贺达 侯轶群 胡望斌 曹晓红[2] 陈小娟 陈凯麒[2] 常剑波[1,3] TAO Jiang-ping;WEN Jing-ya;HE Da;HOU Yi-qun;HU Wang-bin;CAO Xiao-hong;CHEN Xiao-juan;CHEN Kai-qi;CHANG Jian-bo(Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,China;Appraisal Center for Environment & Engineering,Ministry of Environment Protection,Beijing 100012,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Resources Security,School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,水利部中国科学院院水工程生态研究所,湖北武汉430079 [2]环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京100012 [3]水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心,武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2018年第10期2270-2282,共13页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：环保部“绿色水电”研究课题(HD-XZ-DG-2015-FW-031);国家自然科学基金(51609157).

摘　　要：过鱼设施过鱼效果监测评估可为设计的优化、功能完善及运行管理提供参考依据。通过文献调研、区域性资料收集等方式对国内外上行过鱼设施监测研究与评价状况进行全面的梳理,总结了当前监测研究的技术指标、方法及发展状况。欧美国家在1960s至1980s启动了上行过鱼效果的系统监测评价工作。围绕鱼道有效性和过鱼效率两个指标,采用直接法和间接法进行相关监测研究。指标与方法因河流纬度、鱼类区系、设施类型以及国家(区域性)法律法规等方面的差异,呈现区域性特征和属地化发展。国内过鱼效果监测研究目前处于起步阶段,随着国内大批过鱼设施建设的完成,过鱼效果将成为关注的重点。国外成果可为国内的相关工作提供参考和借鉴,但需根据国内外河流鱼类区系,设施运行条件、工作积累等多方面的差异,制定适宜的监测评价目标与方案。Fish passage facilities have been designed and developed to enable fish to pass the barriers for up-/ downstream migration.The performance monitoring and evaluation of those facilities post the constructions are essential for the functional verifications,design improvements,and management benefits.This study reviewed the performance studies of fish passage facilities for upstream migration,from which the evaluation principles, methods for monitoring and regional technical standards were concluded.The scientific monitoring and evaluation of fish passage in North American,Australia and European was separately initialized from 1960s to 1980s,and boomed since 2000s.Both fish passage effectiveness and passage efficiency are separately used for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the performance of fish passage facilities.The existing monitoring methods,roughly classified as capture-dependent and capture-independent,are frequently used for such performance evaluation, depending on the purpose and availabilities and limitations of given methods.Moreover,due to the variations in geographical feature of river,structure of fish passage facilities,target species considerations as well as the requirements from the regional laws and technical standards,the focus of approach and evaluation criteria varied significantly in geographic region.Currently,experts from North American frequently specialized in the passage efficiency evaluation and using the advanced capture-independent methods while experts from European frequently specialized in the effectiveness evaluation using both capture-dependent and traditional capture-independent methods.Fish passage monitoring and evaluation in China began in 1970s,yet suspended between 1980s and 2000s,as results of the argumentations over mitigation options.Such studies rebooted because of the efforts of restoring fish populations with fish passage facilities from 2000s.As a consequence of construction boom of dam and fish passage facilities in China,the performances of such passag

关 键 词：大坝 鱼类洄游 过鱼设施 鱼道有效性 过鱼效率 鱼道监测 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] Q149[生物学—生态学]