树体遮光对'赤霞珠'葡萄果实降异戊二烯类香气物质积累的影响  

Effect of vine shading on the accumulation of norisoprenoids volatiles in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape berries

作　　者：乔丹 付亚群 何磊[2,3] 陈武 陈新军 潘秋红 张珍珍[1] QIAO Dan;FU Yaqun;HE Lei;CHEN Wu;CHEN Xinjun;PAN Qiuhong;ZHANG Zhenzhen(College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China;Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China;Xinjiang CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd., Manasi 832200, Xinjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院.葡萄与葡萄酒研究中心,北京100083 [3]农业部葡萄酒加工重点实验室,北京100083 [4]新疆中信国安葡萄酒业有限公司,新疆玛纳斯832200

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第12期1487-1499,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目(2015TC049)

摘　　要：【目的】探究葡萄树体遮光对酿酒葡萄'赤霞珠'(Vitis vinifera L.'Cabernet Sauvignon')果实降异戊二烯类香气化合物代谢的影响,为提高新疆葡萄与葡萄酒品质提供理论依据。【方法】根据遮光程度不同将遮光网分为网1(减少果际光照50%)和网2(减少果际光照20%),分别在果实开始转色和完全转色后搭建于树体顶部,直至果实采收(简称Q1、H1和Q2、H2),采用GC-MS定性定量分析果实成熟过程中降异戊二烯类化合物含量的变化,应用Real-Time PCR技术分析其生物合成途径主要基因的表达变化。【结果】4种遮光处理都显著降低了成熟果实中可溶性固形物含量,对可滴定酸含量无影响。Q1处理上调了转色开始果实VvPSY1、VvCCD1和VvCCD4b的表达,H1处理则上调了成熟果实中VvPSY2的表达;相应地,在果实成熟时,网1处理(Q1和H1)显著提高了果实降异戊二烯总含量,特别是β-大马士酮含量,而网2处理(Q2和H2)对该类香气物质没有显著影响;此外,对于游离态降异戊二烯化合物而言,在4种遮光处理的成熟果实中其含量都高于对照,其中H1处理增幅最大。【结论】在果实成熟期减少50%的光照,可明显促进降异戊二烯类香气物质的积累,可能有利于提升所酿葡萄酒的花果香气品质。[Objective]Norisoprenoids are considered as the main components that contribute to grape varietal aroma and eventually determine the flavor quality of grapes and wines,due to their extremely low perception threshold and pleasant floral fruit characteristics.These compounds can be generated by direct degradation of carotenoids,and exist as both free-form and glycosidically-bound form.Sunlight is the most important environmental factor for plant growth and development and affects the accumulation of norisoprenoids in grape berries.However,deficient or excessive sunlight will probably cause negative effects on the accumulation of norisoprenoids.Xinjiang is a vital region of grape and wine production in China,and the climate of this region is characterized by long sunshine time,strong solar intensity,little rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night,which appears to be unsuitable for the accumulation of volatile compounds such as norisoprenoids.However,the effect of vishading on norisoprenoids production under this particular climate remains to be poorly understood.The present study aimed at assessing the impact of vine shading on norisoprenoid concentration and the expression of related genes in Vitis vinifera'Cabernet Sauvignon'grape berries.The outcome provides a theoretical support and practical reference for improving the quality of grape and wine in the regions with the similar climate condition of Xinjiang.[Methods]The vine shading treatments were conducted in the vineyard of the Rhyme manor located in Changji county,Xinjiang.All the grapevines were planted in 1999 and were managed from north to south.The row and vine spacing was 2.5 m×1.0 m,and each vine was allowed to bear approximately 10 to 15 berry clusters.According to the shading level,the shading treatments with black shading nets were divided into Net 1(reducing about 50% of sunlight intensity around the cluster)and Net 2(reducing about 20% of sunlight intensity around the cluster).Shading nets were set up 10 cm above grapevine c

关 键 词：'赤霞珠’葡萄 树体遮光 降异戊二烯 基因表达 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]