早熟大果杏新品种'玫硕'的选育  

'Meishuo', a new apricot cultivar with early-maturing and large fruit

作　　者：陈玉玲[1] 夏乐晗 冯义彬[1] 黄振宇 回经涛[2] 乔书瑞[1] 李玉峰[3] CHEN Yuling;XIA Lehan;FENG Yibin;HUANG Zhenyu;HUI Jingtao;QIAO Shurui;LI Yufeng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China;Comprehensive Testing Ground, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 80012, Xinjiang, China;Wildlife Rescue Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]新疆农业科学院综合试验场,乌鲁木齐830012 [3]河南省野生动物救护中心,郑州450004

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第12期1569-1572,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ZFRI);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610192018202);河南省科技攻关计划项目(172102110066);国家科技基础条件平台子平台(NICGR2018-096)

摘　　要：'玫硕'杏是以我国地方品种'蜜香'为母本,以从国外引入的'凯特'为父本杂交选育而成的早熟特大果杏新品种。该品种外形美观、果实近圆形,果实特大、平均单果质量117.6 g。果皮金黄色,阳面玫瑰红色。果肉金黄,肉厚质细,纤维少,可食率达95.3%。汁液多,甜美可口,味浓芳香,风味极佳,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)15.1%。维生素C含量11.5 mg·100 mg^(-1),总糖7.35%,还原糖2.84%,总酸1.59%,果胶1.46%。品质上乘,离核。'玫硕'杏树势强健,树冠半圆形,树姿较开张。3月上旬花芽萌动,3月中下旬开花,花期5～7 d,5月下旬成熟,果实发育期63 d;3月下旬叶芽萌动,4月上旬展叶,11月中旬落叶,树体营养生长期约220 d。成龄树以花束状枝、短果枝结果为主。嫁接苗第2年开始开花结果,5 a(年)即可进入丰产期,平均每666.7 m2产量2 400 kg。该品种自花结实率较低,需配置授粉树。该品种适应性强,早实、丰产稳产。在黄河和淮河流域、秦岭及以北地区均可种植。‘Meishuo’,an early-maturing apricot cultivar,was newly selected from hybrids of the cross between the sweet apricot cultivar‘Mixiang’(female parent)and the large-fruit apricot cultivar‘Katy’(male parent).The hybrid cross was made in 2005 and‘Meishuo’was registered by Henan province in January,2018.The fruit shape of‘Meishuo’is near globose and is beautiful in appearance.The fruit of‘Meishuo’is extremely large in size,the average fruit weight is 117.6 g,and the maximum fruit weight is 184.3 g.The fruit ground color of‘Meishuo’is golden yellow and is covered with rosy red at the sunny side.The peel of‘Meishuo’fruit is covered with hair and mid-thick,which can be easily separated.The flesh of‘Meishuo’is yellow in color,thick and delicate in texture,with low fiber content,and the edible rate can reach up to 95.3%.‘Meishuo’is an attractive fruit with abundant juice,pleasant sweetness and sourness,and intense fruity aroma.The content of soluble solids is about 15.1%,the total soluble sugar content is 7.35%,the reducing sugar content is 2.84%,the total acid content is 1.59%,the pectin content is 1.46%,and the vitamin C content is 11.5 mg· 100 g-1 .It has excellent flavor and quality.It is free stone and the stone is oblong in shape,the average dry stone weight is approximately 3.3 g.The kernel is bit in flavor,and the average dry kernel weight is about 0.4 g.The fruit can be stored at room temperature for about 5-7 days.In Zhengzhou,middle China,the flower bud of‘Meishuo’starts activities in early March,the initial-blossom date mostly appears in middle March,while the full-blossom damostly appears in late March and the flowering period can last about 5-7 days.The leaf buds germinate in late March and expand in early April.The leaves start falling in early November and defoliation ends in mid-November,and the vegetative growth of the tree lasts about 220 days.The fruit setting rate,sprouting rate,and shooting rate is 26%,52%,and 34%,respectively.The tree vigor of‘Meishuo’i

关 键 词：杏 新品种 '玫硕’ 早熟 大果 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]