铁路经济学研究的新进展  

A Survey of Recent Developments in Railroad Economics

作　　者：魏立佳[1,2] 张彤彤 Wei Lijia;Zhang Tongtong(School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University;Center for Behavioral and Experimental Research,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院 [2]武汉大学行为科学研究实验中心

出　　处：《经济评论》2018年第6期154-166,共13页Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"车牌拍卖;摇号与拥堵收费:城市汽车管制的理论与实验研究"(项目编号:71403192);教育部人文社会科学研究项目"铁路提速;技术溢出与经济增长:基于时变空间距离矩阵的研究"(项目编号:14YJC790130)的资助

摘　　要：近十几年来,铁路尤其是高铁的快速发展影响了我国经济、社会的诸多方面,高铁建设甚至已经走出国门输出其他周边国家。本文综述了铁路(包括高铁)对经济发展影响的相关文献,梳理铁路影响经济发展的四大主要因素,分别是其对社会成本、人口与劳动力、市场联入和空间溢出的影响。通过对相关文献的综述,我们认为铁路促进经济增长最根本的原因是其大幅度降低了旅客和货物运输的成本。旅客和货物的运输成本降低使得人力资本和商品货物在更大的地理范围内优化配置,并转化为空间/时空的溢出效应,不同地区间的经济发展由此产生了更强的关联性,最终使总体经济增长率得到提升。Over the past decade,the rapid development of railroads,especially high-speed railroad,has affected many aspects of China's economy and soeiety.High-speed rail construction has even gone out of the country and exported to other neighboring countries.This paper reviews the four major faetors of the railroad influencing the economic development,including the impaet of social cost,population flows,market access,and growth spillover.Based on the review of related literatures,we believe that the most fundamental reason that railways promote economic growth is that it reduces the cost of passenger transportation and freight transportation greatly.The decrease of traveling cost makes the optimal allocation of human capital in a larger geographical area.The reduction of transportation cost makes the optimal allocation of commodity goods in a larger geographical area.Ultimately,the optimal allocation of human capital and commodity goods converts to the spatial or temporal-spatial spillover effect.As a result,the economic development among different regions has become more relevant and converts to an increase in the overall economic growth rate.

关 键 词：铁路经济学 高铁 社会成本 旅行时间 经济增长 

分 类 号：F532[经济管理—产业经济]