新疆阿克苏地区潜在蒸散量时空演变及驱动因素  

Variation Characteristics and Influence Factors of Potential Evapotranspiration in Aksu Region

作　　者：段峥嵘[1] 祖拜代.木依布拉 夏建新[1] DUAN Zhengrong;Zubaidai Muyibula;XIA Jianxin(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Minzu University of China,Bez3zng 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期493-501,512,共10页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101002);中央民族大学少数民族事业协同创新中心项目

摘　　要：潜在蒸散量是评价区域干湿状况和估算作物需水量的关键因子.本文以阿克苏地区6个国家级气象站点近60a的逐日气象资料为基础,应用Penman-Monteith公式计算各站点多年的潜在蒸散量(ET_0),分析其时空分布及演变趋势,并基于相关分析法研究各气候因子与ET_0的相关关系及对ET_0影响的贡献度.结果表明:(1)研究区潜在蒸散量具有明显的地域性差异,潜在蒸散量的基本分布特征是南多北少,东、西部蒸散量较中、南部大;(2)近60a来研究区潜在蒸散量多年均值为1 049 mm,其中夏季潜在蒸散量最大,多年均值为457 mm,冬季最小为55 mm.潜在蒸散量年变化和季节变化均呈减少趋势,年减少速率为14.81 mm/10a,四季中减少幅度最大的是夏季,速率为-5.85 mm/10a,冬季的减少幅度最小仅有-0.69 mm/10a.年和四季的潜在蒸散量在近20年又呈现增加的趋势;(3)经Mann-Kendall突变检验,1981年阿克苏地区整体ET_0发生突变,呈显著减少趋势;(4)阿克苏地区的ET_0与年均日照时数和年均风速均呈显著正相关关系,与年均相对湿度呈显著负相关关系.Potential evapotranspiration(ET0) is the key factor to evaluate the dry-wet conditions. In this paper, based on the daily meteorological data of six climatic stations in Aksu region from 1961 to 2016, ET0 of each station is calculated by utilizing Penman-Monteith formula. Also, spatial and temporal trends of ET0 are analyzed. The correlation analysis is used to study the influence of each climatic factor to ET0 Result indicated that ET0 increased from the south to the north in the study region. Also, ET0 in the eastern and western region were higher than those of central and southern region. The annual average ET0 in study region was 1 049 mm in recent 60 years; ET0 in summer was the highest in all four seasons, with the average of 457 mm, ET0 in winter was the lowest in four seasons, with the average of 55 mm. Changes in ET0 both in annual and seasonal in study region showed a decreasing trend in the early 60 years. Furthermore, ET0 in summer had decreased obviously, with the rate of 5.85 mm/10 a, while ET0 in winter had decreased with relatively small rate(0.69 mm/10 a)From 1995 to 2015, the annual and seasonal ET0 showed an increasing trend Results from MK model showed that the abrupt deceasing change of ET0 in Aksu region occurred in1981. The correlation analysis showed that ET0 in Aksu region was correlated with annual sunshine duration and wind speeds positively, and they were correlated with relative humidity negatively.

关 键 词：阿克苏地区 潜在蒸散量 PENMAN-MONTEITH公式 气候因子 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]