一体化综合减灾智能服务顶层设计研究  

Top-Level Design Study for the Integrated Disaster Reduction Intelligent Service

作　　者：刘纪平[1] 张用川[2] 徐胜华[1] 张福浩[1] 王勇[1] 朱翊[1] 刘春阳 LIU Jiping;ZHANG Yongchuan;XU Shenghua;ZHANG Fuhao;WANG Yong;ZHU Yi;LIU Chunyang(Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping,Beljing 100830,China;School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;NASG Key Laboratory of Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring,China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100830 [2]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]中国矿业大学国土环境与灾害监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》2018年第12期2250-2258,共9页Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0803101,2016YFC0803108);中国测绘科学研究院科研业务费(7771701)~~

摘　　要：现代空间信息技术可为防灾减灾提供数据资源、定位基准、基础框架和关键技术等支撑。目前中国减灾服务重决策轻预警,减灾服务技术、系统、应用集成不够,尚缺乏统一的认识与整体性的顶层设计指导框架。回归减灾服务本质,从测绘地理信息视角提出并阐释了一体化综合减灾智能服务的概念及内涵;考虑防灾减灾服务需求,设计了由感知层、技术层、系统层和应用层等构成的一体化综合减灾智能服务总体架构;重点阐述了减灾服务智能、综合、一体、精准、快速和高新等方面的思考,分析了一体化综合减灾智能服务的支撑技术;介绍了一体化综合减灾智能服务原型系统,以解决灾害事件、各种承灾体、孕灾环境等应急信息的一体化感知、定位、融合与综合场景模拟,以及知识化减灾服务等技术难题。Geo-spatial information technology can provide data resources, positioning benchmarks, basic framework and key technologies for disaster prevention and reduction. At present, there are some problems in Chinese disaster reduction services. Too much emphasis is placed on decision-ma-king and not on early warning. In addition, the technology, system and application integration of di-saster reduction services is not enough. There is still a lack of a unified understanding and a holistic top-level design guidance framework of disaster reduction services. In order to solve these technical problems of integrated perception, location, integration and comprehensive scene simulation of emergency information such as disaster events, various disaster-bearing bodies, the disaster-pregnant environment, and knowledgeable disaster reduction services, this paper returns to the nature of disaster reduction services, puts forward and explains the concept, connotation and characteristics of the integrated disaster reduction intelligent services from the perspective of surveying, mapping and geoinformation. Besides, an integrated disaster mitigation intelligence services architecture is designed with the consideration of the demand for disaster prevention and reduction services. This enterprise architecture is composed of the perception layer, the technology layer, the system layer and the application layer. Then, this paper forms the intelligence, totalization, integration, accurate, rapid and novelty thinking of disaster reduction services. Finally, the supporting technologies of disaster reduction ser-vices are presented and the comprehensive disaster reduction system is introduced. The proposed top-level design for the integrated disaster reduction intelligent services can solve the integrated perception, positioning, integration and simulation of the scene, and intellectualized disaster reduction ser-vices and other technical problems.

关 键 词：防灾减灾 智能服务 测绘地理信息 顶层设计 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]