温度和相对湿度对山羊生长性能和血液指标的影响  

Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Growth Performance and Blood Index of Goats

作　　者：李金朋 王国军[1] 赵天 周广琛 杨雨鑫[1] LI JinPeng;WANG GuoJun;ZHAO Tian;ZHOU GuangChen;YANG YuXin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A & F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第23期4556-4574,共19页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0500508);国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系(CARS-39-12)

摘　　要：【目的】研究温度和相对湿度(RH)对山羊生长性能、尿常规、血常规和血清生理生化指标的影响,为山羊在高温高湿下的饲养、疾病诊断及制定缓解措施提供理论参考。【方法】试验采用4个温度水平(26℃、30℃、34℃和38℃)和4个RH水平(35%、50%、65%和80%)的4×4的试验设计,选取体重相近的1.5岁左右的波尔山羊与奶山羊杂交一代羊8只,随机分为2个组,每组4只羊,每只羊为1个重复。自然环境下适应期30 d,每组试验期5 d,全天24 h处理,按照处理方式在人工环境控制舱轮流进行试验。各组试验开始前后记录每只羊的体重,每天记录采食量、饮水量,各组试验第3天和第5天采集全血用于测血常规和获得血清,并检测血清生理生化指标。【结果】(1)温度和RH交互作用对山羊平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日饮水量(ADWI)有显著影响(P<0.05),而对平均日增重(ADG)、料重比和血常规指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。38℃各处理组山羊ADG显著低于26℃和30℃各处理组(P<0.05)。38℃时山羊ADFI显著低于26℃和30℃(P<0.05)。RH为65%和80%时白细胞总数(WBC)显著低于RH为35%时(P<0.05)。(2)试验第3天,温度和RH交互作用对山羊血清钾(K)含量,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性有显著影响(P<0.05)。38℃,80%时山羊血清K含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。38℃时山羊血清葡萄糖(GLU)、球蛋白(GLO)、尿素氮(BUN)、钙(Ca)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)显著低于26℃和30℃(P<0.05)。RH为80%时山羊血清GLU、BUN显著低于RH为35%时(P<0.05)。试验第5天,温度和RH对山羊血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、GLO、BUN、Ca、磷(P)、K、钠(Na)含量和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的影响均有显著的交互作用(P<0.05);34℃和38℃时对山羊血清GLU、氯(Cl)、ALT、AST、ALP和肌酸激酶(CK)显著低于26℃(P<0.05);RH为60%和80%时山羊血清GLU、Cl显著低于RH为35%时(P<0.05)。(3)试验第3天和第5天,38℃,80%和38℃,65%时山【Objective】The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical reference for breeding disease diagnosis and mitigation measures for goats under high temperature and high humidity condition. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of temperature and relative humidity(RH) on growth performance, routine urine, blood routine and serum biophysiologicalbiochemical indexes in goats. 【Method】According to 4×4 factorial design of four temperatures(26℃, 30℃, 34℃ and 38℃) and four RH levels(35%, 50%, 65% and 80%), eight goats of one and a half years old from first filial generation of healthy Boer goat × Sannen dairy goat with similar body weight were allotted, and randomly divided into 2 groups(each group contained four replicates with one goat per replicate). The adjustment period lasted for 30 days in the natural environment. The experiment period of every group was 5 days and was treated 24 hours a day. And the experiment was carried out by turns in artificial environment chambers according to the processing method. Every goat’s weight was recorded before and after trial begin, and feed intake and water intake were also recorded every day. On days 3 and 5, blood was drawn from the jugular vein to determine the blood routine, and the serum samples were used to determine the serum indexes. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 software.【Result】(1) The interaction of temperature and RH significantly affected average daily feed intake(ADFI) and average daily water intake(ADWI)(P<0.05), but no significantly affected on average daily gain(ADG), weight ratio and blood routine indexes(P>0.05). ADG of goats at every treatment group of 38℃ was significantly lower than that at every treatment group of 26℃(P<0.05). ADFI of goats at 38℃ was significantly lower than that at 26℃ and 30℃(P<0.05). The white blood cell counts(WBC) of goats at 65% and 80% RH were significantly lower than those at 35% RH(P<0.05).(2) On day 3, the interaction of temperature and RH significantly

关 键 词：温度 相对湿度 山羊 生长性能 血清生理生化指标 抗氧化指标 

分 类 号：S827[农业科学—畜牧学]