员工教育与中国制造业企业生产率——基于世界银行调查数据的研究  

Employees' Education and Productivity of Chinese Manufacturing Firms:Evidence from World Bank Enterprise Survey

作　　者：崔凌云[1,2] CUI Lingyun(University of International Business and Economies,Beijing,100029;Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan,250353)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院 [2]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)金融学院

出　　处：《中国经济问题》2018年第6期46-59,共14页China Economic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD790007)的资助;2018年济南市哲学社会科学规划项目"济南市流动人口户籍迁移意愿研究"前期成果

摘　　要：通过构建异质性企业模型,本文从理论上探讨了员工教育对企业生产率的作用,并基于世界银行2012年中国制造业企业调查数据进行检验。结果显示:在控制人口和经济密度等因素基础上,各省(市)平均出生率是企业员工教育合格的工具变量;提高员工教育水平可显著促进制造业企业生产率增长。另外,员工教育在大企业中对生产率的促进作用明显高于中小企业;资本密集度提高有利于发挥员工教育对企业生产率的促进作用;生育率与员工教育负相关,出生率每增加1‰,员工平均教育将减少0. 423年。在添加控制变量、分组检验和更换工具变量后,所得结论依然稳健。This paper is the first one to use fertility rate as instrument to study the impact of employees'education on productivity of Chinese manufacturing firms.First we construct a theoretical model.Then,based on World Bank Chinese enterprise survey data in 2012,we confirm the results we get from theoretical part.The results show that,(1)After controlling population density and GDP density,average provincial fertility rates are proved to be qualified instrument variables of employees'education in the firm;(2)Raising education level of employees can significantly increase productivity growth rate of Chinese manufacturing firms.And,the positive influence of employees'education is bigger in large firms than in middle and small firms;raising capital intensity in sector can raise the influence of employees'education on firm's productivity;(3) Fertility rate is negatively related to employees'education and according to our research,every 1‰ increase in fertility rate can lead to average employees'education level decrease 0.423year.After controlling more variables,doing grouping tests or changing instrument variables,our results remain robust.

关 键 词：生育率 全要素生产率 工具变量 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济] F272.92