北极大气波导时空分布研究  

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FEATURES OF ATMOSPHERIC DUCTS OVER THE NORTH POLE

作　　者：郝晓静 李清亮[2] 郭立新[1] 张玉生 Hao Xiaojing;Li Qingliang;Guo Lixin;Zhang Yusheng(School of Optoelectronic Engineering,Xidian University,Xi'an 710071,China;National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment,China Research Institute of Padiowave Propagation,Qingdao 266107,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学物理与光电工程学院,陕西西安710071 [2]中国电波传播研究所,电波环境特性及模化技术重点实验室,山东青岛266107

出　　处：《极地研究》2018年第4期349-359,共11页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国防技术基础科研项目(A161601004);电波环境特性及模化技术重点实验室专项资金课题(201600002)资助。

摘　　要：在北极地区,有接通北美洲、欧洲北部和亚洲北部国家之间距离最短的直线路线,所以北极地区的战略位置日益重要。大气波导是重要的电波环境,利用大气波导可实现超短波、微波频段的超视距探测和通信应用。因此,研究北极大气波导有重要的意义。本文利用2007年1月—2016年12月十年的气象探空数据,统计分析了北极16个站点大气波导的时空分布,给出了大气波导出现概率与其波导层厚度、强度特征量的统计特征,并从天气和气候学角度初步探讨了其成因。统计结果显示:1.北极地区大气波导平均出现概率低于50%,且表面波导出现概率高于悬空波导; 2.表面波导层厚度、强度分别在30 m以下和10 M以下,悬空波导层厚度在40—80 m,强度小于10 M; 3.北欧海区和格陵兰岛为北极波导高发区,欧亚大陆的北部边缘为无波导区; 4.表面波导高发区在北欧海区和格陵兰岛,北大西洋暖流、格陵兰冷高压及极夜期的辐射逆温是表面波导形成的可能原因; 5.悬空波导高发区在北欧海区和白令海峡东北部区域,且在7—8月份的暖季极昼期间为其高发季,北欧海区暖季海雾、白令海峡东北部区域暖季受北极锋影响是悬空波导形成的可能原因。The strategic importance of the Arctic region has been increasing because the shortest routes between North America, Europe and Asia go through the Arctic. Atmospheric ducts are important for the application of over-the-horizon radar detection and communication. Spatial and temporal features of atmospheric ducts over the North Pole were analyzed statistically from radiosonde data collected at 16 stations from January 2007 to December 2016. Occurrence probability, thickness and strength of the ducts were calculated, and generation mechanisms were examined. Occurrence probability of ducts over the North Pole was below 50% and probability of surface ducts was higher than that of elevated ducts. Duct thickness and strength were below 30 m and 10 M for surface ducts, and 40–80 m and below 10 M for elevated ducts. High incidence of atmospheric ducts was found over Greenland and the Nordic Seas, but was absent over the northern margin of Eurasia. High incidence of surface ducts was found over Greenland and the Nordic Seas, possibly as a result of the combined effects of the North Atlantic drift, the Greenland cold high and radiation inversion. High incidence of elevated ducts was found in the Nordic Seas and in northeastern Bering Strait, possibly as a result of sea fog formed in northern Europe and the Arctic front in northeastern Bering Strait during the warm season.

关 键 词：探空数据 北极 大气波导 时空分布 天气成因 

分 类 号：P412.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]