警民接触时的程序正义:程序型警务对公民服从行为的影响  

Procedural Justice during Police-citizen Encounters:The Effects of Process-based Policing on Citizen Compliance and Demeanor

作　　者：戴孟岩 詹姆斯.弗兰克 孙懿贤 陈波[4] Mengyan Dai;James Frank;Ivan Sun

机构地区：[1]美国巴尔的摩大学 [2]美国辛辛那提大学 [3]美国特拉华大学 [4]华东政法大学

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2018年第6期45-55,共11页Journal of Henan Police College

摘　　要：程序正义理论促进了程序型警务的发展,强调警察行使自由裁量权时的公平性。本文研究了警察的程序公正行为是否影响警民接触时的两种行为:一是公民对警察的不尊重,二是公民对警察命令不服从。本文运用警民接触的数据研究程序正义的各种因素对公民行为的影响。由于警民接触的相互性,在分析数据时加入了工具变量,解决警察强制权和公民不尊重警察之间的因果关系。数据分析发现,程序正义的各因素解释力不足。警察的行为和听取公民意见并回应是两种重要的程序公正行为,可以减少公民对警察的不尊重和不服从。Theories of procedural justice have facilitated the development of a process - based approach to poli-cing which emphasizes the fairness of the manner in which the police exercise their discretion. The study examines whether procedurally fair behavior by the police affects two types of citizen behavior during encounters : citizen dis-respect toward the police and citizen noncompliance with police requests. Methods : This study uses data from sys-tematic social observations of police - citizen encounters to examine procedural justice factors on citizen behavior. Because of the reciprocal nature of police - citizen interactions, an instrumental variable is used in the statistical a- nalysis to help address the causal relationship between police force and citizen disrespect. Results: The statistical analyses find limited support for procedural justice factors. Two types of procedurally fair behavior by the police, police demeanor and their consideration of citizen voice, are significant in reducing citizen disrespect and noncom-pliance, respectively. Conclusion : Procedural justice factors have limited and inconsistent impacts on the two types of citizen behavior, and future research should address the limitations of this study and evaluate process - based po-licing with more data from social observations of police - citizen encounters.

关 键 词：程序正义 程序型警务 公民不服从警察 公民不尊重警察 强制措施 

分 类 号：D616[政治法律—政治学]