一种耐盐型保水剂对沙培玉米生长特性的影响  

Effect of a Salt-tolerant Type of Water-retaining Polymer on Growth Characteristics of Maize in the Sand

作　　者：魏贤 陈瑞环[2,3] 王萍 刘云[2,3] 姚荣江[2,3] 王火焰 杨劲松[2,3] 董元华 WEI Xian;CHEN Ruihuan;WANG Ping;LIU Yun;YAO Rongjiang;WANG Huoyan;YANG Jinsong;DONG Yuanhua(School of Chemical & BiologicalEngineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008,China;University ofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学化学与生物工程学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2018年第6期1422-1430,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501309);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203013)共同资助~~

摘　　要：干旱与肥料利用率较低已成为制约我国农业发展的重要因素。以沙子代替土壤,通过加入自制耐盐保水剂(Salt-tolerant water detaining polymer, SWDP),进行钾肥淋溶和连续两茬玉米盆栽试验。盆栽试验按SWDP投加量设置4个处理,即SWDP投加量分别为0(空白)、0.5、1.0和1.5g·kg^(-1)沙子。结果表明,SWDP的加入有利于降低沙子中钾肥的淋溶损失,不同处理(SWDP投加量分别为0.5和1.0 g·kg^(-1)沙子)钾肥淋溶累积损失量较空白分别降低了12.69%和47.85%;不同处理干旱缺水组玉米植株的存活时间较空白分别延长了12、19和30 d;正常供水组,第一茬不同处理玉米植株氮素吸收量较空白分别增加了8.83%、19.63%和22.39%,磷素吸收量分别增加了29.31%、30.19%和52.38%,钾素吸收量分别增加了11.61%、18.12%和20.27%;第二茬不同处理玉米植株氮素吸收量较空白分别增加了55.50%、117.1%和143.7%,磷素吸收量分别增加了77.12%、161.3%和156.5%,钾素吸收量分别增加了55.42%、74.13%和84.33%。上述结果说明,在干旱甚至沙漠地区施入SWDP能够明显降低土壤养分的流失,提高土壤含水率和植物对土壤养分的利用效果。【Objective】 Water and nutrients are essential elements plants need for growth. So it is very important to improve soil moisture regime and crop fertilizer utilization efficiency in agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of a home-made salt-tolerant water retaining polymer on leaching loss of potassium and growth of maize, and determine roles of the polymer in water retention and soil nutrient conservation in sand, in an attempt to provide certain technical support for application of the polymer in the arid area. 【Method】 In this study, a pot experiment was carried out using sand instead of soil to explore effects of the polymer on leaching of potassium fertilizer and growth of maize of two consecutive seasons. The part for leaching of potassium was designed to have four treatments, in terms of application rate of the polymer, i.e. 0 g·kg^-1 (blank), 0.5 g·kg^-1, 1.0 g·kg^-1 and 2.0 g·kg^-1, and the part for maize growth also had four treatments in terms of application rate of the polymer, too, i.e. 0 g·kg^-1 (blank), 0.5 g·kg^-1, 1.0 g·kg^-1 and 1.5 g·kg^-1. At the same time, all the treatments were subjected two levels of soil water content separately, that is normal and drought. The second crop of maize was planted after the harvest of the first in the normal group. Content of potassium in leachate from each pot was determined and plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, fresh weight, maximum leaf area and absorptive amount of N, P and K of the maize were measured. 【Result】 All the findings of the experiment demonstrate that the polymer helps reduce leaching loss of potassium fertilizer in sandy soil. Comparing with the control, the treatment amended with 0.5 g·kg^-1 or 1.0 g·kg^-1 polymer was 12.96% or 47.85%, respectively, lower in potassium leaching loss. In the treatment amended with 0.5 g·kg^-1, 1.0 g·kg^-1 and 1.5 g·kg^-1, the crop survived 12 days, 19 days and 30 days longer, respectively, in the drought group, and the crop of the first harve

关 键 词：耐盐保水剂 沙培 淋溶损失 玉米盆栽 生理特性 

分 类 号：S143.8[农业科学—肥料学] S152.75[农业科学—农业基础科学]