若尔盖高原牧草营养型管理特征尺度  

Characteristic Scale for Management of Pasture Nutritional Types in the Zoige Plateau

作　　者：沈凇涛[1] 樊敏[1] 张淑杰 王青[1] SHEN Songtao;FAN Min;ZHANG Shujie;WANG Qing(School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2018年第12期285-289,296,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC05B05)

摘　　要：若尔盖高原牧草按营养属性可划分为5个(Ⅰ～Ⅴ)营养型,文章应用格局指数和间隙度模型,定量研究5个牧草营养型空间格局及分异特征。结果表明:(1)Ⅲ型牧草斑块连接度最高且形状最复杂;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ型牧草斑块形状简单且彼此孤立;Ⅳ型牧草斑块形状复杂度、连接度均中等;呈现出Ⅲ型牧草为基质,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ型牧草为缀块,Ⅳ型牧草为过渡的空间格局。(2)Ⅲ型牧草均匀分布,空间异质性最低,特征尺度最小(6.96 km);Ⅳ型牧草有序分布,空间异质性及特征尺度(15.63 km)均中等;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ型牧草集中分布,空间分异显著,特征尺度分别为45.66、37.79、57.90 km。牧草空间分异格局的间隙度分析,可为研究生态过程在若尔盖高原扩散提供参考。Based on the nutritional traits of vegetation, pastures in the Zoige Plateau were divided into 5 nutritional types(Ⅰ~Ⅴ). This study quantitatively studied spatial patterns and differential characteristics of 5 nutritional types through the landscape index and lacunarity model. The results indicated that for the patches of nutritional typeⅢ, the shape was most complicated and the connectivity was highest. The patches of nutritional typeⅠ,Ⅱ, andⅤ, with simple shape, were isolated from each other. As for the patches of nutritional typeⅣ, the shape complexity and the connection degree were both moderate. Pastures landscape showed a complex distribution pattern, with nutritional typeⅢas the matrix, nutritional typeⅣas the transition area, and other nutritional types as landscape patches. Nutritional typeⅢdistributed uniformly, with minimum spatial variability and characteristic scale(6.96 km). Nutritional typeⅣof which spatial variability and characteristic scale(15.63 km) were both medium, was in orderly distribution. Nutritional typeⅠ,Ⅱ, andⅤwere in congregating distribution, with significant spatial heterogeneity, and their characteristic scales were 45.66 km, 37.79 km, and 57.90 km respectively. This study could provide the basis for researches about the transferring and expanding of different ecological processes in the Zoige Plateau.

关 键 词：牧草营养型 空间分异 间隙度 特征尺度 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]