海林农场沼肥连年施用对玉米产量和土壤化学性质的影响  

Consecutive Application of Biogas Manure Affects Maize Production and Soil Chemical Properties in Hailin Farm

作　　者：乔锋 肖洋[2,3] 赵淑苹 Qiao Feng;Xiao Yang;Zhao Shuping(Seabuckthorn Development and Management Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China (Soil and Water Conservation Plant Development and Management Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China),Beijing 100038;College of Agricultural Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Utilization and Environmental Security,Heilongfiang University,Harbin 150080;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongfiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086;College of Engineering and Technology,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]水利部沙棘开发管理中心(水利部水土保持植物开发管理中心),北京100038 [2]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院/农业资源利用与环境安全重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨150086 [4]东北林业大学工程技术学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第36期93-98,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金(青年后备人才创业类)项目"东北寒区沼肥资源化利用模式和效益研究"(RC2017QN002011)

摘　　要：为了阐明连年施用沼肥对玉米产量和土壤化学性质以及效益的影响,于2016年5月至2017年10月在黑龙江省海林市海林农场的玉米试验田进行了沼液、沼渣和化肥配施的田间试验。结果表明:连续2年的施用沼肥均能够增加玉米产量,而施用15000 kg/hm^2的沼液增产幅度最大,施用沼液和化肥配施的处理(30000 kg/hm^2沼液+600 kg/hm^2)玉米产量最高。施用1 t沼肥可替代107.38 kg尿素、217.90 kg磷酸二铵和80.55 kg硫酸钾,产生826.16元的直接经济效益。施用沼肥的各个处理经济效益均显著增加,30000 kg/hm^2沼渣+600 kg/hm^2化肥的处理经济效益最高,平均可达到19246.66元/hm^2。沼肥施用后表层土壤pH值可提高0.12～0.25个单位,土壤有机质、全氮、全钾和碱解氮含量均有所增加,这表明沼肥能够在一定程度上改善玉米田的土壤化学性质。因此,可以考虑在有沼气工程的区域合理的施用沼肥来替代化肥,实现对沼肥的高效利用。To clarify the effect of consecutive application of biogas manure on maize yield, soil chemical property and benefit, a field experiment was conducted in Hailin Farm, Heilongjiang from May 2016 to October2017, the treatments included biogas fluid, biogas residue and chemical fertilizers. The results showed that theapplication of biogas manure increased maize yield, the increasing rate under 15,000 kg/hm^2 biogas fluidtreatment was the highest, the treatment of 30000 kg/hm^2 biogas fluid + 600 kg/hm^2 chemical fertilizer had thehighest maize yield. The application of 1 t biogas manure could substitute 107.38 kg carbamide, 217.90 kg diammonium phosphate and 80.55 kg potassium sulfate. As a result, it generated a direct economic benefit of826.16 yuan. Different treatments of biogas manures could achieve significant economic benefits comparedwith that of the control. The treatment of 30000 kg/hm^2 biogas residue + 600 kg/hm^2 chemical fertilizer had the highest economic benefit with an average amount of 19246.66 yuan/hm^2. The pH values increased by 0.12 to0.25 units and the organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium and alkali hydrolysis nitrogen also increasedin the surface layer of soil after the application of biogas manure. To some extent, the chemical properties of thesurface layer of soil were improved. Therefore, the reasonable application of biogas manure can realize its efficient and economic utilization in biogas manure engineering areas.

关 键 词：沼肥 玉米 土壤化学性质 效益 产量 

分 类 号：S34[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]