广州市异木棉属种质资源遗传评价  

Genetic Evaluation of Germplasm Resources of Ceiba Cultivated in Guangzhou

作　　者：张永强 沈海岑 陈峥 黄颂谊 Zhang Yongqiang;Shen Haicen;Chen Zheng;Huang Songyi(Guangzhou Landscaping Company, Guangzhou 510440)

机构地区：[1]广州市绿化公司,广州510440

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第33期74-83,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广州市绿化公司科研项目"美丽异木棉种质鉴定及花期调控"(GZLH2016111802)

摘　　要：异木棉属(Ceiba)属的物种大都有很高的观赏价值,并被广泛引种栽培于世界各地的热带和亚热带地区。目前在华南地区广泛栽培的"美丽异木棉"是不是真正的美丽异木棉(C. speciosa),当初引进了一个物种还是多个物种都还存在疑问。本研究利用nrITS测序和ISSR分子标记两种方法来对广州市"美丽异木棉"172份种质资源进行了分析。基于nrITS序列分析表明,所分析的172个"美丽异木棉"样品中至少包括异木棉属3个物种以及它们之间的杂种,这3个物种分别是美丽异木棉(C. speciosa),C.insignis和C. crispiflora。通过比较基于nrITS序列鉴定的物种与对应个体的形态性状,干型、茎干上刺的有无、花瓣条纹多少、雄蕊筒附属物颜色和花期共五个性状与基于nrITS序列鉴定的物种存在明显的相关性,而花瓣形状、叶片边缘有无锯齿、花的大小和花瓣先端颜色与基于nrITS序列鉴定的物种无明显的相关性。ISSR分析表明,这些样品可以分为6个分支,同样这5个形态性状与基于ISSR的聚类有较好的相关性。本研究首次从分子角度揭示了华南地区栽培的"美丽异木棉"实际上包括异木棉属3个物种以及大量的物种间杂种。因此将所有栽培的个体直接称为美丽异木棉是不正确的,而应该结合其形态性状和分子数据来鉴定。"美丽异木棉"的遗传背景及这些种质资源遗传关系的解决为进一步开展优良品种选育和科学管理奠定了基础。Species of Ceiba have high ornamental values and are widely introduced and cultivated in thetropical and subtropical regions in the world. It remains unclear whether the so-called"C. speciosa"is reallyC. speciosa and whether a single species or multiple species were initially introduced in South China. In thisstudy, nrITS sequencing and ISSR markers were used to characterize 172 accessions of Ceiba cultivated inGuangzhou. Analysis of nrITS sequences revealed that the 172 samples of Ceiba consisted of three species, i.e.,C. speciosa, C. insignis and C. crispiflora, and their interspecific hybrids. By comparing species identificationbased on nrITS sequence and the corresponding traits, five traits(trunk form, presence or absence of stemthorn, number of petal stripes, color of stamen appendages, and flowering period) showed obvious associationwith nrITS sequence-based species identification, while four other traits(presence or absence of leaf serration,flower size, petal shape, and color of petal apex) did not. ISSR analysis indicated that these samples could bedivided into six clades, and again, the five traits mentioned above showed obvious association with the ISSRclustering results. This study reveals, for the first time, that the so-called"C. speciosa"cultivated in South China in fact includes three species of Ceiba and their interspecific hybrids. Therefore, it is not correct to callall the cultivated plants C. speciosa and their status should be identified with morphological traits andmolecular data. The resolution of genetic origins and relationships of these germplasm resources of Ceiba pavesthe way for breeding program and scientific management.

关 键 词：异木棉属 种质资源 遗传评价 ISSR 内转录间隔区 

分 类 号：S685[农业科学—观赏园艺]