安徽省芜湖市2014年狂犬病暴露处置监测分析  

Analysis of rabies post-exposure treatment surveillance in Wuhu city in 2014

作　　者：安洲[1] 王斐[1] 李笑梅[1] 钱帮群[1] 王旭[1] 仝飞[1] AN Zhou;WANG Fei;LI Xiao-mei;QIAN Bang-qun;WANG Xu;TONG Fei(Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhu 241000,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]芜湖市疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防治科,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2018年第6期641-644,共4页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的分析芜湖市2014年狂犬病暴露处置现状,为狂犬病防制工作提供参考。方法收集芜湖市CDC狂犬病门诊2014年全年暴露处置资料,进行描述性流行病学分析,对狂犬病疫苗接种及时性的影响因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果 2014年监测狂犬病暴露处置共计10 009人,暴露人群主要为青壮年;全年均有暴露者,夏秋季为暴露高峰,5-10月暴露人数占总数的60.99%;暴露部位集中分布于四肢,其中上肢占53.64%、下肢占41.27%;暴露分级以Ⅱ度为主,占86.38%,Ⅲ度占12.30%;所有的暴露者均进行了狂犬病疫苗接种,Ⅲ度暴露者被动免疫制剂接种率仅为38.42%;暴露后伤口未处理的占8.71%;以犬伤为主,占78.31%,伤人动物有免疫史者占22.59%,无免疫史者占72.36%;年龄、被伤地点、伤口分级、伤口自行处理和伤人动物的免疫史等是接种及时性的影响因素。结论 2014年芜湖市狂犬病暴露伤口分级以Ⅱ度为主,Ⅲ度暴露者被动免疫制剂接种率低,部分暴露者伤口处置不规范,应加强健康教育和狂犬病暴露后处置工作,降低狂犬病发病风险。Objective To study the situation of rabies post-exposure treatment surveillance in Wuhu city in 2014 andprovide evidence for rabies prevention and control. Methods The data of rabies post-exposure treatment surveillance werecollected from dog-bite injury clinic of Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014, descriptiveepidemiological analysis and Logistic regression were applied for data analysis. Results A total of 10 009 cases of rabiespost-exposure treatment were reported, the majority of these cases were young-and middle-aged adults; cases were reportedevery month, exposure mainly occurred in summer and autumn, the number from May to October accounted for 60.99% ofall incidents. Injuries were mostly on four limbs and Grade Ⅱ exposure, and the upper and lower limbs accounted for53.64% and 41.27% respectively, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ exposures accounted for 86.38% and 12.30% respectively, allexposed cases were inoculated with rabies vaccines and 38.42% of cases with Grade Ⅲ exposure were given passiveimmunizing agents. However, 8.71% of the wounds were untreated after exposure, dog bites constituted 78.31% of allexposures and only 22.59% of dogs were vaccinated before and without vaccination accounted for 72.36%. Age, injuredplace, grade of exposure, wound self-treatment and immunization history of the animals were the protective factors.Conclusion Injuries were mostly Grade Ⅱ exposure in Wuhu during 2014, low rates of passive immunizing agents amongthe cases with Grade Ⅲ exposure, parts of the cases lack of standard wound treatment after exposure. Therefore, publichealth education and post-exposure treatment should be further strengthened to reduce the risk of rabies incidence.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露 监测 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]