两种风险评估方法在潮模砂铸造造型工艺职业健康风险评估中的应用  

Application of two risk assessment methods on occupational health risk assessment of wet sand casting molding process

作　　者：丁士旵[1] 胡志平[1] 吴成峰[1] DING Shi-chan;HU Zhi-ping;WU Cheng-feng(Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control,Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tongling Anhui,244400,China)

机构地区：[1]铜陵市疾病预防控制中心职防科

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第24期3324-3328,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的比较国际采矿与金属委员会(ICMM)职业健康风险评估模型与工作场所职业危害作业分级法在潮模砂铸造造型工艺职业健康风险评估中的应用,为进一步建立完善的风险评估模型提供依据。方法选择某大型铸造企业潮模砂铸造造型工艺为研究对象,对作业现场进行职业卫生调查与检测,采用ICMM模型与工作场所职业危害作业分级法2种方法进行风险评估,并采用非参数一致性检验比较。结果工作场所职业危害作业分级法评估结果显示,整体芯、手工芯和抛砂机造型岗位风险等级为3级,属中度危害作业;潮模砂混制、新砂处理岗位风险等级为1级,属相对无害作业。ICMM模型定量法赋值评估结果显示,新砂处理、抛砂机造型、潮模砂混制、整体芯、手工芯岗位风险分级均为5级,属不可容忍风险。ICMM模型等级矩阵健康风险评价结果显示,抛砂机造型、整体芯、潮模砂混制以及手工芯岗位风险等级均为4级,属高风险,新砂处理为3级,属中等风险。ICMM模型等级矩阵和定量赋值法与职业病危害作业风险分级法评估结果的一致性均较弱,Kendall’Tb系数均为0.62(P<0.01);ICMM等级矩阵与定量赋值法评估结果一致性也较弱,Kendall’Tb系数为0.85(P<0.01)。结论职业病危害作业分级法存在风险低估和低风险需进一步评估的问题,ICMM定量赋值法存在主观偏倚以及高风险无法评估,风险高估;因此ICMM等级矩阵法更适合该工艺职业健康风险评估,但仍需要根据我国国情进一步改良。[Objective] To compare the application of ICMM occupational health risk assessment model and workplace occupational hazards classification method on occupational health risk assessment of wet sand casting molding process ,and provide basis for further establishment of a perfect risk assessment model. [Methods]The wet sand casting molding process of a large-scale foundry enterprise was selected as the research object. Occupational health investigation and testing were conducted on the job site. The ICMM model and workplace occupational hazards classification method were used for risk assessment. Nonparametric consistency test was used to compare. [Results]The evaluation results of workplace occupational hazards classification method showed that the risk grades of overall core,manual core and sand thrower modelling posts were 3,which were moderately hazardous operation,and the risk grades of wet sand mixed and new sad treatment posts were 1,which were the relatively harmless operation. The evaluation results of quantitative valuation method of ICMM model showed that the risk grades of new sand treatment,sand thrower modelling,wet sand mixed,overall core and manual core posts were all 5,which were intolerable risk. The health risk assessment results of grade matrix of ICMM model showed that the risk grades of sand thrower modelling,overall core,wet sand mixed and manual core posts were all 4,which were high risk,and the risk grade of new sand treatment was 3,which was moderate risk. The consistency between the grade matrix and quantitative valuation method of ICMM model and the occupational hazard risk assessment method were all weak,and the Kendall'Tb coefficients were both 0.62 (P<0.01).The consistency between the grade matrix and quantitative valuation method of ICMM model was also weak,and the Kendall'Tb coefficient was 0.85(P<0.01).[Conclusion]The occupational hazard risk assessment method exist the problem of risk underestimation and low risk requiring further evaluation.ICMM quantitative valuation method exis

关 键 词：职业健康 风险评估 职业病危害因素 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]