非金属碳基纳米催化材料研究进展  

Recent advances in metal-free carbon-based nanocatalysts

作　　者：王志勇 蒲源[1] 王丹 陈建峰[1] Zhiyong Wang;Yuan Pu;Dan Wang;Jian-Feng Chen(College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第34期3517-3529,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21620102007)资助

摘　　要：催化反应在石油与化学工业占有重要的地位,而传统的金属基催化材料由于储量有限、稳定性差、环境污染等问题,在工业上的大规模使用正受到多种限制性挑战.近年来随着绿色化学和可持续化学发展的推动,非金属碳基纳米催化材料及其应用研究引起了国内外广泛关注,成为当前能源、材料、化工等领域的热点方向.本文简要介绍了碳基纳米材料结构与催化的关系,重点综述了近5年非金属碳基纳米催化材料设计与其在液相反应、气相反应和光电催化等反应中的应用基础研究进展,并结合本课题组研究工作,从反应工程学的角度对当前非金属碳基纳米催化的问题和未来前景作了展望.The catalytic reaction occupies an important position in the petroleum and chemical industry,and the traditional metal-based catalytic materials are hindered because of the limited reserves,poor stability,environmental pollution and so on.In recent years,with the promotion of green chemistry and sustainable chemical,metal-free carbon based nanomaterials and their applications in catalysts have attracted wide attention,and it has become a hot topic in the fields of energy,materials and chemical industry. In this paper,the relationship between the structure and catalysis of carbon-based nanomaterials is briefly introduced. When metal free carbon based materials directly used as catalysts,their catalytic active sites are mainly contain three types.Firstly,edge atoms and defect sites,whose carbon atoms are unsaturated and have high catalytic activity,can activate oxygen molecules and catalyze methane cracking.Secondly,functional groups on the surface of carbon materials. Different functional groups can catalyze different reaction systems.The oxygen-containing functional groups,for exam- ple,have certain weak acidity and they generally possess excellent catalytic performance in the acid-base reaction and multiple oxidation reactions.Thirdly,heteroatoms that replace carbon atoms into sp^2lattices will results in the changing of electron density distribution in carbon structure,which can promotion of chemical reactions by reducing the reaction energy barriers.The progress in the basic research on the application of metal-free carbon-based nanomaterials for the reaction of liquid phase,gas.phase and photoelectricity in the last five years is reviewed.By in situ infrared:characterization technique (in situ FTIR)and density functional theory (DFT)calculations,the catalytic mechanism catalyzed by carbon materials was studied and the result indicates that most of the catalytic reactions are surface reactions,whose re- action rate are greatly affected by the specific surface area.The merit and demerit including,but not limite

关 键 词：绿色化工 碳基纳米材料 非金属催化 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学] TB383.1[理学—化学]