辽宁省2006—2015年出生缺陷的发生水平和流行病学特征  

Incidence of birth defects in Liaoning province, 2006 – 2015

作　　者：陈艳玲[1] 李常惠[1] 黄彦红 CHEN Yan-ling;LI Chang-hui;HUANG Yan-hong(Liaoning Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省妇幼保健院院办,沈阳110005 [2]沈阳市妇婴医院

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2018年第12期1662-1664,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：辽宁省科技计划项目(2015225025);沈阳市科技计划项目(F15–139–9–09)

摘　　要：目的了解辽宁省出生缺陷的发生水平及主要出生缺陷的流行病学特征。方法收集辽宁省2006—2015年从妊娠开始至生后1岁确诊的出生缺陷儿的监测资料进行流行病学特征分析。结果 2006—2015年,辽宁省出生缺陷发生率平均为205.9/万;围产期出生缺陷发生率平均为99.4/万;前五位主要缺陷依次为先天性心脏病(55.8/万)、唇腭裂(18.4/万)、多指(趾)(13.6/万)、神经管畸形(11.1/万)和脑积水(8.0/万),占全部缺陷的51.9%;出生缺陷儿中发生死胎死产、婴儿死亡及终止妊娠者占35.1%;男患儿出生缺陷发生率为225.5/万,明显高于女患儿的177.7/万;神经管畸形、血管瘤为女患儿高于男患儿,先天心脏病、脑积水、尿道下裂、唇腭裂等为男患儿高于女患儿;围产期和胎龄<孕28周的前10位主要出生缺陷分布明显不同。结论先天性心脏病是影响我省出生人口素质的主要缺陷之一。对超声敏感的神经管畸形等缺陷在围产期发生率逐年下降,但全妊娠期的主要出生缺陷发生率并无明显下降。Objective To analyze the incidence rate and epidemiological characteristics of birth defects in Liaoning province.Methods We collected and analyzed the surveillance data on all birth defects diagnosed during perinatal period and within one year after birth among all live births and stillbirths in Liaoning province from 2006 through 2015.Results The average incidence rate of birth defect was 205.9/10 000 during the 10-year period in the province. The top 5 birth defects were congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, polydactylia, neural tube defects, and congenital hydrocephalus, which together accounting for 51.9% of all the birth defects reported. Of all the birth defects reported, 35.1% were intrauterine stillbirths, stillbirths, infant deaths, and termination of pregnancy. The incidence rate of birth defects was 225.5/10 000 in the male fetuses and infants and significantly higher than that(177.7/10 000)in the female fetuses and infants. The incidence rate of neural tube defects and angioma were higher in the female fetuses than in the male fetuses, but the rate of congenital heart disease, hydrocephalus, hypospadias, cleft lip, and palate were higher in the male fetuses than in the female fetuses. The top ten birth defects differed obviously between perinatal pregnancies and pregnancies less than 28 gestational weeks.Conclusion Congenital heart disease is one of the main defects affecting birth outcomes and population quality in Liaoning province. With the general application of ultrasonic screening and prenatal genetic screening, the incidence of neural tube defects in perinatal period was significantly decreasing. However, there was no significant reduction in the rate of major birth defects during the whole pregnancy.

关 键 词：出生缺陷 流行病学 发生率 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]