生物除磷理论及实践新突破——从主流EBPR到侧流EBPR  

A New Breakthrough in the Theory and Practice of Biological Phosphorus Removal: From Mainstream EBPR to Side-stream EBPR

作　　者：刘智晓 LIU Zhi-xiao(Beijing Capital Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]北京首创股份有限公司,北京100028

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2018年第24期19-25,共7页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07102-003)

摘　　要：基于传统生物除磷理论的带有前置厌氧区的主流生物除磷脱氮工艺,在过去近半个世纪的水体富营养化控制过程中一直发挥着主导作用。但是近些年全球范围内侧流活性污泥水解发酵项目(简称S2EBPR或SSH)得到了快速发展及应用,研究发现,这些采用侧流活性污泥发酵的污水厂出现了高效且更加稳定的生物除磷现象,但这种侧流EBPR却无法利用传统经典理论进行对照解释。这种情况下,一种可以直接利用葡萄糖及氨基酸进行发酵并释磷的新PAO菌属Tetrasphaera spp.被发现并分离,Tetrasphaera spp.在很多侧流活性污泥水解污水厂的菌群结构中相对传统Accumulibacter菌属占有更高的丰度,"Accumulibacter-Tetrasphaera"共生的"双PAOs协同共生除磷理论"及模型建立是对传统生物除磷理论的重大拓展与突破。基于污水处理生物除磷脱氮技术发展史的视角,从主流污水脱氮除磷工艺技术发展史梳理开始,对侧流EBPR现象发现及侧流发酵机理、Tetrasphaera spp.发现、生化代谢模型及其生态位、双PAOs模型的建立等方面进行了系统性梳理和总结,并结合国内外研究成果及实际案例,总结了侧流活性污泥水解发酵技术工艺构型新发展及工程化应用现状,在此基础上分析了未来侧流EBPR技术发展前景,以期为我国污水厂未来深度脱氮除磷提标改造尤其是低C/N比污水的处理提供借鉴。In the past half century,the process with pre-anaerobic zone,which based on the traditional theory of nitrogen and phosphorus removal,has played a leading role on water eutrophication control.However,in recent years,the side-stream activated sludge hydrolysis and fermentation (S2EBPR or SSH)process has been rapidly developed and applied worldwide.It has been found that these plants with side-stream activated sludge fermentation were highly efficient and stable for biological phosphorus removal.While,the mechanism of the side-stream EBPR could not be explained with classical theory.A new PAO genus called Tetrasphaera spp.was discovered and isolated,which has higher abundance of Tetrasphaera spp.than traditional Aecumulibacter species existed in many side-stream activated sludge plants.The discovery of coexistence and synergy between Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera in phosphorus removal and corresponding model building were important extension and breakthrough to the traditional biological phosphorus removal theory.Based on the development of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies,these aspects were systematically summarized and reported which included the phenomena and fermentation mechanism of side-stream EBPR,the discovery of Tetrasphaera spp.and biochemical metabolism model and its ecological niche,and the establishment of "Two-phosphate Accumulating Organisms Model".Combined with domestic and foreign studies and cases,the development and application status of side-stream activated sludge hydrolysis fermentation technology were summarized.And the future trend of side-stream activated sludge fermentation process was presented in order to provide reference for the future upgrading and reconstruction of the advanced phosphorus and nitrogen removal in Chinese wastewater treatment plants.

关 键 词：侧流活性污泥水解发酵 双除磷菌模型 强化生物除磷 氧化还原电位 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]