全球高程基准的统一方法及比较  

Methods and Comparison of Global Height Datum Unification

作　　者：徐新强 张丽萍 Xu Xinqiang;Zhang Liping(State Key Laboratory of Geo -Information Engineering,Xi'an 710054,China;Technical Division of Surveying and Mapping,Xi'an 710054,China;Xi'an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]西安测绘总站,陕西西安710054 [3]西安测绘研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《测绘科学与工程》2018年第4期6-12,共7页Geomatics Science and Engineering

基　　金：地理信息工程国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLCIE2015-M-1-2,SKLGIE2016-M-3-2);国家973计划资助项目(613317).

摘　　要：世界各国一般以当地验潮站确定的平均海水面来建立自己的高程基准,如此常导致不同国家和地区间高程基准不一致。针对这一问题,本文提出从高程起算面和高程起算点两方面统一全球高程基准的思路。首先,介绍了世界上常用的3种高程系统:正高、正常高和正常-正高的定义,以及它们之间的相互转换,并分别用实例计算了正高和正常高之间的差异及正常-正高与正常高之间的差异。其次,介绍了欧洲垂直参考框架在统一高程基准方面取得的成果,以及确定高程零点重力位差的方法。最后,联合GOCE卫星重力场模型、地面重力数据和GNSS/水准数据,采用大地边值问题法确定了美国高程基准零点与全球高程基准的差异,差异为-48.2±0.5cm。In general,local height datum is established through mean sea surface determined by the local tide gauge station, which usually leads to height datum inconsistent in different countries and regions.In order to solve this problem,the idea of unifying global height datum in two ways is put forward in this paper,namely height starting plane and height starting point.Firstly, the definitions of three kinds of commonly used height systems are introduced,including orthometrie height,normal height and normal-orthometric height.Besides the transformation among the three height systems are discussed.Then calculation examples according to the differences between orthometric height and normal height,and the differences between normal-orthometric height and normal height are carried out respectively.Secondly,some successful experiences on the unification of Europe height datum through the European Vertical Reference Frames are introduced,and the determining method of the zero gravity potential difference in height is presented.Finally,combined with the GOCE satellite gravity field model,ground gravity data and GNSS/ level data,the differences between the American altitude datum zero and global height datum is determined with the geodetic boundary value problem method,and the difference is-48.2±0.5cm.

关 键 词：高程基准 高程基准统一 正高 正常高 大地边值问题 重力位 

分 类 号：P22[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]