迤纳厂矿床:一个“白云鄂博式”铁-铜-稀土矿床  

The Yinachang deposit in central Yunnan Province,Southwest China:A “Bayan Obo-type” Fe-Cu-REE deposit

作　　者：温利刚 曾普胜[1,4] 詹秀春[1] 范晨子[1] 孙冬阳[1] 王广[1] 袁继海[1] 费晓杰 WEN Ligang;ZENG Pusheng;ZHAN Xiuchun;FAN Chenzi;SUN Dongyang;WANG Guang;YUAN Jihai;FEI Xiaojie(National Research Center for Geoanalysis,Beijing 100037,China;Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy(BGRIMM)Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China;State Key Laboratory of Process Automation in Mining and Metallurgy,Beijing 100160,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]国家地质实验测试中心,北京100037 [2]北京矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160 [3]矿冶过程自动控制技术国家重点实验室,北京100160 [4]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2018年第6期308-329,共22页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(YYWF201619,JYYWF20180101);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20160220);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(12120113002500);国家自然科学基金项目(41072073);国土资源部公益性科研专项经费项目(201211078)

摘　　要：云南武定迤纳厂铁铜稀土矿床是滇中地区具有代表性的元古宙铁铜稀土矿床之一。矿床中除了铁、铜资源外,还伴生有稀土、稀有(铌)、钇、钼、钴等组分。研究表明:稀土元素含量在条纹条带状矿石和脉状矿石中均较高,ΣREE含量分别高达(1 446.83-11 259.23)×10^-6和(2 020.92-3 415.51)×10^-6,尤其富集La、Ce等轻稀土元素;稀有(铌)元素主要富集在条纹条带状矿石中,含量高达(278.8-529.0)×10^-6。由于矿床的矿物组成非常复杂,并且矿石中稀土、稀有(铌)矿物含量相对较少,矿物结晶粒度细小,用传统的测试技术和方法很难识别鉴定,因此矿床的矿物学特征,尤其是稀土、稀有(铌)矿物的赋存状态特征研究一直以来都较为棘手。论文应用矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS),结合扫描电镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)显微结构原位分析技术,完成了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物定量识别和鉴定,在矿石中发现了含量可观的氟碳钙铈矿、氟碳铈矿和少量的独居石、褐帘石、铌铁矿、褐钇铌矿、硅钍钇矿、含铌金红石等稀有稀土矿物。其中,氟碳铈矿、独居石、铌铁矿、褐钇铌矿等主要富集于条纹条带状矿石中,与铁氧化物、磷灰石、萤石、菱铁矿和早期黄铜矿、黄铁矿等紧密共生;氟碳钙铈矿、褐帘石、硅钍钇矿、含铌金红石等主要局部富集在脉状矿石中,与石英、方解石、绿泥石和晚期黄铜矿、黄铁矿等紧密共生。显然,在铁氧化物和铜硫化物成矿两个阶段均伴随有稀土成矿作用。结合前人的研究成果,笔者将主矿化期划分为铁氧化物磷灰石稀土成矿阶段(Ⅱ-1)和铜硫化物(金)稀土成矿阶段(Ⅱ-2)。其中,氟碳铈矿、独居石、铌铁矿、褐钇铌矿等主要形成于Ⅱ-1阶段,其成矿作用可能与Columbia超大陆裂谷化裂解有关;氟碳钙铈矿、褐帘石、硅钍钇矿、(含铌)金红石等则主要形成于Ⅱ-2阶段,其成�The Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit is one of representative Proterozoic Fe-Cu-REE deposits in central Yunnan,SW China.Besides Fe and Cu,rare-earth elements(REEs,mainly La,Ce),Nb,Y,Mo and Co coexist in the deposit.Study has shown that REE contents are relatively high in both banded and vein ores ranging in(1446.83-11259.23)×10-6 and(2020.92-3415.51)×10-6,respectively,with light REEs(e.g.,La,Ce)especially enriched.Also,the content of rare element Nb reaches up to(278.8-529.0)×10-6 in the banded ores.However,it has long been difficult to study mineral characteristics,especially occurrence characteristics,of rare and rare-earth minerals using traditional testing techniques,which were inadequate to identify these minerals due to complex mineral composition of ore deposit and relatively low mineral contents in ores.In this study,we used automated mineral identification and characterization system(AMICS)—the most up-to-date mineral automatic analysis system in mineralogy and geology in the world,combined with scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS)microstructural in-situ analysis technique,to complete quantitative mineral identification in the Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit,an undertaking unattainable by conventional means of rock-mineral identification.The results demonstrate that the deposit contains large quantities of parisites and bastnaesites and small quantities of monazites,allanites,columbites,fergusonites,yttrialites and Nb-bearing rutiles.Bastnaesites,monazites,columbite and fergusonite are mainly concentrated in the banded ores and closely associated with iron oxide minerals(magnetites),siderites,apatites,flourite and early sulfides such as chalcopyrite,pyrite,etc,while parisites,allanite,yttrialite and Nb-bearing rutile are enriched in vein ores coexisting mainly with chlorites,calcite,quartz and late sulfides such as chalcopyrite,pyrite,etc.Plainly,both iron oxide and copper sulfide mineralization stages are associated with REE mineralization.We identified two main min

关 键 词：“白云鄂博式”矿床 铁-铜-稀土矿床 稀有稀土矿物 迤纳厂 滇中 AMICS 

分 类 号：P618.7[天文地球—矿床学] P618.31[天文地球—地质学]