旅店业从业人员呼吸系统自报症状状况及其影响因素  

Prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms and related influencing factors among hotel employees

作　　者：李莉[1] 葛覃兮[1] 刘航[1] 潘力军[1] 姚孝元[1] 张庆[1] LI Li;GE Tan-xi;LIU Hang;PAN Li-jun;YAO Xiao-yuan;ZHANG Qing(National Institute for Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2018年第12期1114-1117,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解我国旅店业从业人员发生呼吸系统症状的现况,并探讨其影响因素。[方法]采用随机抽样横断面研究方法,于2017年对全国543家旅店5 528名从业人员进行问卷调查。应用自报的方式调查受访者的基本信息、工作场所环境及呼吸系统感觉或症状。采用卡方检验比较自报呼吸系统症状流行率在不同性别、年龄、工龄、文化程度从业人员间的差异,采用logistic回归分析呼吸系统症状的人口学和环境影响因素。[结果]本研究所调查从业者女性占83.33%,40岁以上人群占45.22%,初中或高中学历者占76.23%。自报呼吸系统症状流行率前三位依次为打喷嚏(806,14.58%)、嗓子干痒(539,9.75%)、流鼻涕(537,9.71%)。自报工作场所中环境危险因素前三位依次为空气干燥(852,15.41%)、空气中有灰尘(700,12.66%)、忽冷忽热(388,7.02%)。卡方检验结果提示不同性别、年龄、工龄、文化程度从业人员间呼吸系统自报症状流行率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),单因素logistic回归分析结果提示人口学特征与是否自报呼吸系统症状无关(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示空气干燥(OR=2.636,95%CI:2.233～3.111)、空气中有灰尘(OR=2.634,95%CI:2.231～3.110)和忽冷忽热(OR=1.636,95%CI:1.256～2.132)是呼吸系统自报症状的危险因素。[结论]旅店业从业人员呼吸系统存在多种不适症状,工作场所空气中有类尘、空气干燥、忽冷忽热是影响从业人员呼吸系统健康的主要因素。[Objective] To estimate the prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms and related influencing factors among hotel employees in China.[Methods] A cross-sectional study was conducted to randomly select a total of 5 528 employees from 543 hotels nationwide in 2017.Self-reported general information,respiratory feelings or symptoms,and workplace environment of employees were collected through questionnaires.Chi-square test was applied to compare the prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms among different gender,age,length of service,and education groups.Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze potential demographic and workplace factors associated with reported respiratory symptoms.[Results] Among the enrolled employees,83.00% were women,45.22% were over 40 years old,and 76.23% had middle or high school degrees.The top three self-reported respiratory symptoms were sneezing(806,14.58%),dry throat(539,9.75%),and runny nose(537,9.71%).The top three environmental risk factors in workplace were dry air(852,15.41%),airborne dust(700,12.66%),and fluctuating surrounding temperature(388,7.02%).The results of chi-square analyses showed that there were no significant differences in the prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms among employees categorized by gender,age,length of service,and education(P>0.05),and the results of single-factor logistic regression analyses indicated that demographic characteristics were not associated with self-reported respiratory symptoms(P>0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that environmental factors such as dry air(OR:2.636,95%CI:2.233-3.111),airborne dust(OR:2.634,95%CI:2.231-3.110),and fluctuating surrounding temperature(OR:1.636,95%CI:1.256-2.132) were risk factors for self-reported respiratory symptoms.[Conclusion] Varied respiratory symptoms are reported in hotel employees.Airborn dust,dry air,and fluctuating surrounding temperature in workplace are the main influencing factors for self-reported respiratory symptoms in the emp

关 键 词：旅店从业人员 呼吸系统 自报 环境风险因素 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]