渭北旱塬地区冬小麦全生育期的干旱-农业耦合特征研究  

COUPLING CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT-AGRICULTURE ON WHOLE GROWTH PERIOD OF WINTER WHEAT IN DRYLAND OF NORTHERN WEIHE

作　　者：张乐[1,2] 严宝文 ZHANG Le;YAN Baowen(College of water conservancy and architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Geological survey centre,Shaanxi institute of geological survey,Xian 710000,China;Institute of hydrology and water resources,Northwest A&F University ,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]陕西省水工环地质调查中心,西安710000 [3]西北农林科技大学水文水资源研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第6期13-19,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179160);陕西省公益性质地质工作项目:陕西省浅层地热能赋存规律及开发利用关键技术研究(20170201)

摘　　要：研究气象干旱和农业生产之间的耦合特性关系,对有效提高研究区作物的产量意义重大。本文以Arcgis为工具,运用频率分析、克里金插值和图形分析方法,对陕西省渭北旱塬地区29个县市1981—2007年的逐日有效降水资料进行分析计算,揭示了研究区针对冬小麦作物的干旱-农业耦合特征。结果表明:总体上3种不同干旱频率下陕西省渭北旱塬地区冬小麦缺水量东北部较多,由东北向西南逐渐减小,研究区中部的变化幅度最大;冬小麦缺水量最多的地区在黄龙县、洛川县周围,缺水量最少的地区在宝鸡金台区周围;频率为80%的设计全生育期干旱降水量情况下,乾县-彬县形成了一个缺水量较少的纵向条带;而干旱频率为90%的设计全生育期降水量情况下,在渭北旱塬中东部地区冬小麦缺水量变化梯度较大,最缺水的等级囊括的范围最小;干旱频率为95%的设计全生育期降水量情况下缺水量最小的地区面积扩大至咸阳西部。Study on the coupling characteristics of the relationship between meteorological drought and agriculture has a great significance on improving crop yields in the study area. Based on the Arcgis,using frequency analysis,Kriging interpolation and image analysis methods,this paper analysis the daily precipitation data from 1981 to 2007,of 29 counties of in Northern Weihe loess plateau area in Shaanxi Province,revealed the coupling characteristics between agriculture( winter wheat,for example) and drought in the study area. Results shows that under three different frequency of drought,north-east part of study area,shows a most water shortage degree during the winter wheat growing period,and this degree decreasing from northeast to southwest as a whole,but in central part,some strenuous vibration could be seen. Winter wheat’s extremely water deficiency area is in Huanglong county,and Luochuan county,and the slightly water deficiency area lies in Jintai,Baoji city; under 80% frequency drought precipitation,lower water deficiency for whole growing period of winter wheat forms a longitudinal belt from Bin county to Qian county; and under 90% frequency drought precipitation,It has a large changing gradient of water deficiency in central and east part of study area,at the same time,the area of extremely water deficiency shows a minimum value. When under 95% drought frequency precipitation,area of extremely water deficiency become larger,the range extend to the area of west Xianyang.

关 键 词：水作匹配 农业水文 降水 干旱频率 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学]