2010-2016年武汉市硚口区居民死因分析与寿命损失研究  

Analysis on Cause of Death and Life Lost Among Residents of Qiaokou District in Wuhan From 2010 to 2016

作　　者：杨昌润 聂绍发[1] YANG Changrun;NIE Shaofa(School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,Hubei Province,China;Qiaokou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan 430030,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,武汉430030 [2]武汉市硚口区疾病预防控制中心,武汉430030

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2019年第1期30-34,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解武汉市硚口区居民死因构成及寿命损失的疾病影响因素,确定主要健康问题,评价社会卫生服务状况,为制订疾病防控策略和措施提供参考。方法收集整理2010-2016年武汉市硚口区全死因数据,分析死因构成、期望寿命、去死因期望寿命、潜在寿命损失等指标,分析居民死亡和寿命损失的主要因素。结果2010-2016年7年间,男女合计粗死亡率波动在713.73/10万至884.45/10万范围内,总体随着年份变化,粗死亡率呈上升趋势;男性粗死亡率均高于女性;年龄别死亡率整体呈"J"形变化;肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病以及损伤和中毒是硚口区居民死亡的前5位主要死因,占合计全部死亡构成的85.03%;减寿率前4位由大至小依次为肿瘤(13.85‰),损伤和中毒(5.30‰),脑血管病(5.01‰)以及心脏病(4.48‰);平均潜在寿命损失年,前3位依次是围生期疾病(70.00人年),先天畸形,变性和染色体异常(53.53人年),妊娠,分娩和产褥期并发症(29.00人年)。结论目前硚口区居民健康主要面临肿瘤、心脑血管疾病以及损伤和中毒的危害。有关部门应针对上述特点,整合卫生行政资源,预防和控制慢性非传染性疾病,构建科学、高效、合理的社会养老敬老体系,提高居民健康质量。Objective To understand the main cause of death and the disease influencing factors to life expectancy among residents in Qiaokou district of Wuhan and further to identify the major health problems,assess the status of social health services,in order provide the scientific basis for the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of all death monitoring stations of Qiaokou district from 2010 to 2016 were collected and arranged. Mortality,life expectancy,cause eliminated life table,potential years of life lost were calculated. Results From 2010 to 2016,the total crude mortality rates for both male and female were fluctuated within 713. 73/105 to 84. 45/105, which showed an increasing trend with year. The crude mortality rate of males was higher than that of females. The age-specific mortality rate showed a "J"trend. Tumor,cerebrovascular diseases,heart disease,respiratory ailments and injury and poisoning were the top five main cause of death among all residents,account for 85. 03% of the total death. The top four rates of PYLLR were tumor( 13. 85‰),injury and poisoning( 5. 30‰),cerebrovascular diseases( 5. 01‰) and heart disease( 4. 48‰). The top three main cause of potential years of life lost per person were perinatal diseases( 70. 00 person – years),congenital malformations, degeneration and chromosomal abnormalities( 53. 53 person – years), and pregnancy,childbirth and puerperal complications( 29. 00 person – years). Conclusion The health of residents in Qiaokou district is mainly affected by tumor,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,as well as the harm of injury and poisoning. It is necessary to integrate health administrative resources,to prevent and control the chronic noncommunicable diseases,so as to build a scientific,efficient and reasonable social system for caring for elderly,thus to improve the health quality of residents.

关 键 词：死因分析 寿命损失 慢性非传染性疾病 居民健康 期望寿命 

分 类 号：R195.3[医药卫生—卫生统计学]