某小学一起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的调查处置  

Investigation and Treatment on An Outbreak of Mumps in A Primary School

作　　者：邱小兵[1] 刘文武[1] 梁爱兵 Q1U Xiaobing;L1U Wenwu;LIANG Aibing(Suining Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Suining 629000,Sichuan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]遂宁市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2019年第1期82-86,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的描述流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情流行病学特征,分析含腮腺炎成分疫苗(Mumps-containingVaccine,MuCV)免疫状况和MuCV保护效果,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的流行病学特征,采用回顾性队列研究方法评价疫苗的保护效果。结果本次疫情发生61例病例,罹患率为2.14%(61/2853),学生罹患率为2.33%(60/2573),教师罹患率为0.36%(1/280),持续89d,波及27个班。按照学生病例数统计,主要集中在四年级41.67%(25/60)、二年级20.00%(12/60)和五年级18.33%(11/60)。学生发病年龄主要集中在9~10岁,占72.13%(44/60)。应急接种前,2剂次及以上MuCV接种率为33.82%(390/1153)。2剂次MuCV保护率为96.63%。结论提高2剂次MuCV接种率,及时开展MuCV应急接种是控制流行性腮腺炎疫情的重要措施。Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of mumps outbreak,analyze the immune status of mumps vaccine( MuCV) and the protective effect of MuCV,and to provide scientific evidence for mumps control and developing strategies. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of mumps outbreak were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology and the protective effect of the vaccine was evaluated by retrospective cohort study. Results There were 61 cases in the mumps outbreak involved 27 classes and lasted for 89 days.The total attack rate was 2. 14%( 61/2 853). The attack rate of students was 2. 33%( 60/2 573). The attack rate of teachers was 0. 36%( 1/280). According to the statistics on student cases,it was mainly attacked in fourth grade 、second grade and fifth grade. The rates were 41. 67%( 25/60),20%( 12/60) and 18. 33%( 11/60),respectively. The age of onset of student was mainly from 9 to 10 years old,accounted for 72. 13%( 44/60). Before emergency vaccination,the vaccination rate of more than 2 doses of MuCV was 33. 82%( 390/1 153). The protective rate of 2 doses of MuCV was 96. 63%. Conclusion The important measure to control the epidemic situation of mumps was to increase the vaccination rate of 2 doses of MuCV and be timely emergency vaccination of MuCV.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 暴发 疫苗 保护率 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]