超额投保车损险的赔付问题研究  

Research on Compensation of Excess Vehicle Insurance

作　　者：熊静文 Xiong Jingwen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院 [2]伊利诺伊大学法学院

出　　处：《理论界》2018年第10期36-42,共7页Theory Horizon

基　　金：上海市教育委员会科研创新计划人文社科重大项目"中国特色民法典理论研究"(2017-01-07-00-07-E00003);国家留学基金委"国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目"(留金发[2017]3109)的研究成果

摘　　要：超额投保车损险现象十分常见,发生保险事故后投保人与保险人往往会为赔付问题产生纠纷诉至法院。本文通过对近五年相关司法判决的分析指出,在投保金额、保险价值、赔付方式条款的理解上,法院存在较大的分歧。关于旧车投保的保险金额问题,基于意思自治、司法行为的被动性以及社会效果考虑,应允许旧车以新车购置价作为保险金额;关于保险价值的理解分歧,基于不定值保险的特性、保险损失补偿原则,应将保险价值明确为出险时的实际价值;关于赔付条款是否属于须作特别说明的免责条款,本文认为格式合同不必然等同于霸王条款,赔付条款并无减轻己身责任的含义;从不定值保险的特征、诚实信用原则以及实际社会效果出发,不宜退还事先明知超额缴纳的保险费。Vehicle excess insurance is very common.When accident occurs, the insurant and the insurer often submit a dispute to law for the compensation.According to the analysis of relevant judicial decisions in the past five years,there are much disagreement on the issues of insurance amount, insurance value, and payment clause.Based on the freedom of contract, the passiveness of judicial actions, and social effects, old cars should be allowed to use the new car purchase price as the insurance amount.Because of the characteristics of unvalued insurance and the principle of insurance compensation,the insurance value should be clarified as its actual value at the time of accident.Besides, the format contract does not directly equal to the overlord clause,and the payment clause does not reduce the liability of insurer.With the consideration of the characteristics of unvalued insurance,the principle of good faith,and the actual social effects,it is not a good idea to refund insurance premiums.

关 键 词：超额投保 保险金额 保险价值 不定值保险 免责条款 退费 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]