西藏高原拉萨河流域生态风险评估  

Ecological risk assessment of Lhasa River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：张天华 王彤 黄琼中 王景升[2] 包小婷 刘文婧 丁陆彬 李超 ZHANG Tianhua;WANG Tong;HUANG Qiongzhong;WANG Jingsheng;BAO Xiaoting;LIU Wenjing;DING Lubin;LI Chao(Environmental Protection Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China;Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区环境科学研究所,拉萨850000 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室千烟洲试验站,北京100101 [3]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第24期9012-9020,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：西藏自治区重点科技计划项目(Z2016C01G01/08;Z2016C01G01/03)

摘　　要：随着我国西部崛起战略的实施,社会经济发展所引发的生态风险逐渐引起生态学者和政府管理部门的高度关注。拉萨河流域作为高原生物多样性的维持基地,也是我国及东亚的重要生态安全屏障区,为有效管控其社会经济发展中产生的生态环境风险,通过适合高寒流域特征的风险评估方法,识别了研究区风险源,选择风险受体,采用相对风险模型计算了各研究单元的风险等级。结果表明:城关区的生态风险最高,主要风险来源于城镇扩张和旅游娱乐;当雄县生态风险最低,风险来源于畜牧养殖;林周县、曲水县、达孜县、堆龙德庆区以及墨竹工卡县的首要风险源是农业污染。水体和湿地的风险值明显高于其他生态系统。风险值的空间分布表现为南高北低的特征,且风险等级以城关区为中心向外围逐渐降低。With the implementation of the Great Western Development Strategy, the ecological risks associated with social and economic development have attracted the attention of ecologists and government departments. As an important base for maintaining plateau biodiversity, Lhasa River Basin is also an important ecological safety barrier zone for China and East Asia more broadly. To effectively control the ecological risks in the process of urbanizing Lhasa River Basin, this study identified the source of risks, selected risk receptors, and used a relative risk model to calculate the risk level in each research unit. The results show that the Chengguan District has the highest ecological risk level, with the primary risk coming from urban expansion and tourism; and Dangxiong County has the lowest level of ecological risk, with the risk coming from livestock husbandry. The primary source of risk in Linzhou County, Qushui County, Dazi County, Dulongdeqing District, and Mozhugongka County is agricultural pollution. The risk value for water and wetland is significantly higher than that of the other habitats. The spatial distribution of risk value is generally higher in the south of Lhasa River Basin, and the risk level decreases gradually around the Chengguan District.

关 键 词：拉萨河流域 城镇化 风险模型 风险源 生态风险 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]