嵩山地区二里头文化时期牛和羊来源蠡测——以二里头遗址与望京楼遗址为例  

Tracing Provence of Cattle and Sheep in District of Mount Songshan in Erlitou Culture Period——Taking Erlitou Site and Wangjinglou Site as Examples

作　　者：赵春燕[1] ZHAO Chunyan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市100710

出　　处：《华夏考古》2018年第6期77-84,共8页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:21271186);国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:12BKG019);嵩山地区文明化进程与华夏文明的形成(D2-2);中国社会科学院哲学社会科学创新工程(批准号:WS052015SCX1)共同资助

摘　　要：通过二里头遗址与望京楼遗址出土动物牙釉质的锶同位素比值分析,首先建立了这两个遗址的当地锶同位素比值特征区域,在此基础上,探讨了二里头遗址和望京楼遗址出土牛和羊的来源问题。研究结果表明,二里头遗址早期的羊可能全部是外来的,至后期来自当地饲养的羊所占比例越来越多,甚至有可能已经占多数,而同属于二里头文化第三期至第四期的望京楼遗址出土的绵羊数量却很少,这再一次说明了羊在二里头时期是一种重要而又有限的动物资源。黄牛在二里头遗址从早至晚始终是本地出产占大多数。而望京楼遗址出土的牛则大部分可能是外来的。而且两个遗址出土部分牛和羊的锶同位素比值相近,不能排除来自同一地点的可能。此外,将出土动物和人类牙釉质的锶同位素比值仔细比对,可以发现,二里头遗址外来人牙釉质的锶同位素比值与部分外来绵羊牙釉质的锶同位素比值重叠,而与外来黄牛牙釉质的锶同位素比值没有重叠,似乎暗示他们与部分绵羊来自相同地区或者他们之间可能具有某种联系。望京楼遗址也存在外来牛与外来人的牙釉质的锶同位素比值非常接近,有可能来自同一地区的现象。提示我们应该更进一步地去探究产生这些现象的原因。The purpose of our study is to discuss the problem of strontium isotope analysis be used to identify non-local cattle and sheep at the Erlitou site and the Wangjinglou site.Tooth Enamel samples from 49 domestic animals individuals were analyzed for strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr),by the thermal ionization mass spectrometry,including pigs,sheep and cattle.As results shows, 87Sr/86Sr ratios in enamel samples from domestic pigs revealed that the standard deviation for pigs was less than sheep or cattle. This implies that the pigs'diet came from a more homogeneous area than the other animals.The local strontium isotopic ratio of the two sites was established by strontium isotope ratio of pigs.According to the local strontium isotopes ratio range determined by the mean 87Sr/S6Sr ratios ±2s.d.of pig enamel samples,we find out that the early sheep in Erlitou site may be all foreign,to the latter part of the proportion of sheep from the local breeding more and more,and may even have accounted for the majority,and the number of sheep at Wangjinglou site is very small belong to Erlitou culture,which once again shows the sheep in the Erlitou period is an important and limited animal resources.The cattle in Erlitou site from early to late be always the majority of local production.And most of the cattle at Wangjinglou site may be foreign.Because some sheep and cattle enamel strontium isotope ratios are similar,there are likely to come from the same geographically region.In addition,the strontium isotopic ratio of the animal and human enamel is carefully compared,and it can be found that the strontium isotope ratio of non-local human enamel overlaps with the strontium isotope ratio of some foreign sheep enamel in Erlitou site,but the strontium isotope ratios of non-local human and cattle enamel do not overlap,and it seems that they may be associated with some of the sheep coming from the same area.The Wangjinglou site also exists foreign cattle and foreign people enamel strontium isotopic ratio is very close,there may be

关 键 词：二里头遗址 望京楼遗址 动物 锶同位素比值 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]