三种凡纳滨对虾池塘养殖模式环境因子变化和养殖效益的分析  

Environmental Factor and Culture Benefit Analysesof Three Traditional Litopenaeus vannamei Pond Production Models

作　　者：王超[1] 蔺凌云[1] 尹文林[1] 徐洋[1] 姚嘉赟[1] 潘晓艺[1] 沈锦玉[1] WANG Chao;LIN Lingyun;YIN Wenlin;XU Yang;YAO Jiayun;PAN Xiaoyi;SHEN Jinyu(Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou,Zhejiang 313001,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省淡水水产研究所,浙江湖州313001

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2018年第3期169-174,共6页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2015BAD13B04)资助

摘　　要：研究了3种凡纳滨对虾池塘养殖模式环境因子变化情况和对养殖效益的分析。实验分为3种不同的养殖模式:对虾单养组、鱼虾混养A组、鱼虾混养B组。结果表明:pH变化范围在8.40~9.06之间,其中对虾单养组pH较之两组鱼虾混养组略高,最高值达9.06;COD变化范围在101~211之间,其中对虾单养组COD较之两组鱼虾混养组略高,范围在132~211之间;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度为对虾单养组>鱼虾混养A组>鱼虾混养B组;异养菌数目和弧菌数目,随着养殖的进行呈现逐渐增加的趋势,最大值分别为对虾单养组1.1×106 CFU/mL、2.0×103 CFU/mL,鱼虾混养A组1.45×106 CFU/mL、1.80×103 CFU/mL,鱼虾混养B组1.20×106 CFU/mL、1.56×103 CFU/mL;养殖效益上,总产值、纯利润、亩利润、投入产出比均呈现出鱼虾混养B组>鱼虾混养A组>对虾单养组。由此可见,凡纳滨对虾和鱼类混养,可以在保证水质的前提下,提高凡纳滨对虾养殖规格,提高投入产出比,增加养殖效益,是一种相较于凡纳滨对虾单独养殖优越的养殖模式;而不同规格和数量的鱼类和不同数量凡纳滨对虾的混养,又会产生不同的养殖效益。Environmental factor and breeding efficiency changes inthree Litopenaeus vannamei pondswere analyzed in this study.The three ponds included prawn monoculture,prawn and fish polyculture A,prawn and fish polyculture B.The pH varied between 8.4and 9.06,and that of the prawn monoculture was higher than that of othertwo ponds.The pH of the prawn monoculture was the maximum (9.06).COD varied between 101and 211.The COD of prawn monoculture was slightly higher than that of othertwo ponds with COD varied between 132and 211.Ammonia and nitrite nitrogen concentration showed growing trends.The specific performance decreased from prawn monoculture to prawn and fish polyculture A to prawn and fish polyculture group B.The numbersof heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio gradually increased with the progress of culture,and the maximum was found in prawn monoculture,1.1×10^6CFU/mL and 2.0×10^3CFU/mL,in prawn and fish polyculture A,1.45×10^6 CFU/mL and 1.8×10^3 CFU/mL,and in prawn and fish polyeuIture group B,1.2×10^6CFU/mL and 1.56×10^3 CFU/mL.The output value,net profit,profit per 667m^2,and input-output ratioshowed gradually increasing trends,prawn and fish polyculture group B^prawn and fish polyculture A> prawn monoeulture.Thus,L.vannarnei and prawn and fish polyculturepremisedthe guaranteeing quality,improving L.vannarnei farming specifications,and increasing farming efficiency.L.vannamei compared to separate breeding was superior to other breeding patterns while different sizes and numbers of fish and different L.vannamei polyculturemay prbduce different breeding efficiency.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 鳙鱼 花鱼骨 池塘混养 环境因子 养殖效益 

分 类 号：S964.3[农业科学—水产养殖]