工蜂密度对地熊蜂采集不同品种番茄访花偏好的影响  

Effects of Worker Bombus terrestris Density on Visiting Flower Preference on Different Tomato Varieties

作　　者：刘冬[1] 何晓庆[1] 方美娟[1] 宋凯[1] 赵颖 王玉波[1] LIU Dong;HE Xiao-qing;FANG Mei-juan;SONG Kai;ZHAO Ying;WANG Yu-bo(Institute of Dryland Farming of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Foresty Sciences,Key Lab of Crop Drought Tolerance Research of Hebei Province,Hengshui 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北省农作物抗旱研究重点实验室,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2018年第5期41-46,71,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(F18C10001)

摘　　要：为了明确地熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)同时为设施内多个番茄品种授粉时工蜂密度对其访花偏好的影响,利用不同工蜂数量的熊蜂蜂群为同一设施内的5个番茄品种(优乐美、贝利、瑞缇娜、绿亨206、瑞粉882)进行授粉,根据访花率指标评估地熊蜂对不同番茄品种的访花偏好。结果表明:参试番茄品种的访花率受工蜂密度影响显著。在一天内9:00、12:00、15:00和18:00时,低密度处理的所有番茄品种总访花率依次为25.7%、38.1%、56.8%和73.4%,而高密度处理的总访花率依次为78.2%、100.0%、100.0%和100.0%。低密度处理下,工蜂对参试番茄品种的访花具有选择性,优乐美、贝利、瑞缇娜、绿亨206、瑞粉882的最终访花率依次为89.3%、73.9%、73.0%、66.0%和64.9%;而高密度处理下,所有参试番茄品种的最终访花率均达到了100%。此外,高、低密度处理时工蜂采集单朵花的平均时间分别为5.8 s和15.5 s。由此可见,随着工蜂密度的增大,作物的访花率逐渐增高,工蜂对单朵花的访花速度加快。地熊蜂同时为设施内多个番茄品种授粉时访花偏好行为因工蜂密度的不同而异,增加工蜂密度是避免地熊蜂产生访花偏好的有效措施。To make clear the effects of worker Bombus terrestris density on visiting flower preference of differ- ent tomato varieties in greenhouse,B.terrestris colonies with different quantity of worker were used to pollinate for five tomatoes varieties (Youlemei,Beiley,Retina,Lvheng 206 and Ruifen 882)in the same greenhouse. According to the visiting flower rate,the visiting flower preference was evaluated.The results showed that the worker density significantly affected the visitation rate.At 9:00,12:00,15:00 and 18:00,the average visitation rates of five varieties with low worker density were 25.7%,38.1%,56.8% and 73.4%,respectively, while with the high worker density,they were 78.2%,100.0%,100.0%and 100.0%,respectively.With low worker density,the final visitation rate of Youlemei,Beiley,Retina,Lvheng 206 and Ruifen 882 was 89.3%, 73.9%,73.0%,66.0% and 64.9%,respectively.With high worker density,the final visitation rates of all varieties were 100% with no significant difference.In addition,the average time visiting time of worker on single flower with high and low worker density was 5.8s and 15.5s,respectively.Thus,with the increasing of worker density,the visitation rate increased,and the visiting single flower spe.d up.When B.terrestris pollinated multiple tomato varieties in a greenhouse,visiting flower preference is due to the worker density.Increasing the worker density is an effective measure to avoid the formation of visiting flower preference.

关 键 词：地熊蜂 工蜂密度 访花偏好 访花率 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S897.3[农业科学—园艺学]