低影响开发措施的内涝削减效果研究——以济南市海绵试点区为例  

Effect of low impact development measures on inundation reduction——Taking Jinan pilot area as example

作　　者：李娜[1,2] 孟雨婷 王静[1,2] 俞茜[1,2] 张念强[1,2] LI Na;MENG Yuting;WANG Jing;YU Qian;ZHANG Nianqiang(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院防洪抗旱减灾研究所,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2018年第12期1489-1502,共14页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1502701);中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(JZ0145B322016)

摘　　要：本文使用中国水利水电科学研究院自主研发的洪涝仿真模型和洪水风险分析软件(FRAS)对低影响开发(LID)措施的内涝削减效果进行研究。在洪水风险分析软件原降雨产流模型中增加了SCS法,与地面二维水力学模型实时耦合,更精细地反映了LID措施的产汇流过程。结果表明:(1)在5、10和20年一遇24h设计暴雨条件下,LID组合措施在试点区、小流域和街区3个尺度上均能一定程度削减内涝面积,也能在流域尺度上削减径流总量和洪峰流量。措施在5年一遇降雨下内涝削减效果最为显著,径流总量和洪峰流量削减率分别达6.5%和9.7%,在措施布设较为密集的街区内涝面积削减率达48.96%;(2)10年一遇24 h设计暴雨条件下,流域尺度上单项LID措施内涝削减效果各有特点。各措施对积水量的削减效果在降雨过程中均呈先增大后减小的趋势,措施对内涝面积的削减效果排序为下沉绿地>透水路面>绿色屋顶;(3)措施内涝削减效果与措施类型、措施规模、地形、下垫面条件和措施布设位置密切相关,低影响开发设计时应利用水文水力学模型进行多种方案的模拟分析,合理设置LID措施。Flood Simulation Numerical Model and Flood Risk Analysis Software (FRAS) developed independently by IWHR are used in this study to evaluate the effect of individual and combined low impact development (LID) measures on inundation reduction. In addition,the SCS method is added to the original rainfall-runoff model, which is coupled with the 2D surface hydraulic model in real-time. Therefore, the software can reflect the runoff and confluence process more accurately. The simulation results indicate:(1) Combined LID measures can decrease the flooding area at pilot area, small watershed and block scale under all the 24h design storm with 5-year,10-year and 20-year return period. Besides,the total runoff volume and peak discharge are also reduced at watershed scale after implementing these measures. The effects are most significant under the 5-year return period storm, where the total runoff and peak discharge are cut respectively by 6.5% and 9.7% and the inundation area is cut by 48.96% in the measure-intensive block. (2) Individual LID measures have different effects under the 24h design storm with 10-year return period at basin scale. All measures can reduce inundation volume but it tends to increase at first and then decrease during the rainfall procedure. The effects of different individual LID measures on inundation area reduction are ranked as:sunken lawn, permeable pavement, green roof. (3) Inundation reduction effect of LID measure is also closely related to the measure type and scale, terrain, underlying surface condition and setting location. It is necessary to have multi-scheme simulation as well as analysis through hydrological-hydraulic model when design the LID measures.

关 键 词：低影响开发 城市内涝 效果评价 海绵城市 济南 

分 类 号：P333.2[天文地球—水文科学]