1019例狂犬病暴露者预防处置现状分析  

Analysis of 1019 cases with rabies exposure and prophylaxis

作　　者：杨松 李丽 于凤婷 李辉 李蔚莉 马成杰 梁再燕 杨思园 王凌航 Yang Song;Li Li;Yu Fengting;Li Hui;Li Weili;Ma Chengjie;Liang Zaiyan;Yang Siyuan;Wang Linghang(Department of Emergency Infectious Diseases,Beijing Ditan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 10015,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染病急诊,北京100015

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2018年第6期625-627,共3页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

基　　金：北京市医院管理局重点医学专业发展计划-新发突发传染病(ZYLX201602);北京市卫生系统高层次卫生技术人才培养计划(2015-3-109).

摘　　要：目的分析狂犬病暴露后预防处置现状,为狂犬病防控提供依据。方法采用回顾性方法,对2017年3月份至2018年2月份首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院1019例狂犬病暴露者处置登记资料进行统计分析。结果1019例狂犬病暴露者中,男女性别比为0.90∶1,年龄在26~46岁最多,占46.5%,暴露人群高峰(46.9%)在6~9月份。致伤动物犬伤占63.3%,猫伤占36.7%;致伤部位以手部最多,占55.1%,其次下肢占26.6%。致伤程度以Ⅱ级暴露多见,占60.7%,其次Ⅲ级暴露占39.1%,伤口实施规范化冲洗者占29.3%,完成全程免疫接种狂犬病疫苗者,占69.3%,Ⅲ级暴露中,浸润注射人狂犬病免疫球蛋白(humanimmunoglobulin,HRIG)者占73.7%。结论对于狂犬病预防应加强犬、猫的管理和免疫,加强狂犬病暴露后预防规范化处置。Objective To understand the prophylaxis of population exposed to rabies, and provide a basis for prevention and control of rabies. Methods The registration data of 1 019 cases with rabies exposure in Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from Mar, 2017 to Feb, 2018 were analyzed using the descriptive epidemiologic method. Results Among the 1 019 cases of rabies exposure, the sex ratio of men to women was 0.90∶1, with the highest proportion of them were between 26 and 46 years of age old, accounting for 46.5%. Rabies exposure reached its peak (46.9%) between June and September. In addition, 63.3% of the injuries were caused by dogs and 36.7% by cats. Most of the wounds (55.1%) occurred in hands; and the second was lower limbs (26.6%). Most of the cases (60.7%) had grade II wounds; followed by grade III wounds (39.1%); 69.3% of the cases completed immunization with rabies vaccine. In grade III exposure, 73.7% of the patients were immunized with rabies immunoglobulin. Most of the persons of grade III exposure (73.7%) received inoculation with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). Conclusions Measures to control rabies should be focused on the management of dogs and cats and the standardization of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露后预防处置 狂犬病疫苗 人狂犬病免疫球蛋白 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]